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Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 321-331
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-01
Monitoring Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Rivers Using Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata, Zygoptera) as Biological Indicator
(Memantau Bioakumulasi Logam Berat di dalam Sungai menggunakan Pepatung Jarum (Insecta: Odonata, Zygoptera) sebagai Penunjuk Biologi)
AHMAD
HADRI JUMAAT & SUHAILA AB HAMID*
Diserahkan: 1 Jun 2022/Diterima: 27
November 2022
Abstract
Contamination by pollutants in freshwater ecosystem has been identified extensively in river,
sediments, and freshwater biota. Pollutants may have incorporated into
the sediments and accumulated in tissue of aquatic organisms which persist as
difficult to degrade matter in upper trophic level. Therefore, few selected
heavy metals were measured from the river sediment and tissue of damselflies larvae
collected from the selected rivers using inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed metals in damselflies tissue
were higher than in the sediments. Mn and Zn were found in greatest
concentrations both in sediment and damselflies’s tissue.
Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were computed based on these data,
and it was discovered that all values of BSAF for Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn were
typically high (BSAF >1). In conclusion, the rivers contamination induced
accumulation of heavy metal in the river sediments and damselflies larvae (Pseudagrion microcephalum, Pruinosum fraseri, and Copera marginipes).
The highest concentration value was calculated as 29.23 for Cd in the C. marginipes. The high concentrations of this element in
the insect body tissue has shown a trace of bioaccumulation and may pose
biomagnification to organisms in the upper trophic level. The results of this
study indicated that damselfly is reliable to become a bioindicator for heavy
metals particularly pollution in the river.
Keywords: Aquatic insects; bioaccumulation; heavy
metals; sediments
Abstrak
Pencemaran oleh bahan pencemar dalam ekosistem air tawar telah dikenal
pasti secara meluas dalam sungai, sedimen dan biota air tawar. Bahan pencemar
mungkin telah meresap ke dalam sedimen dan terkumpul di dalam tisu organisma
akuatik yang berterusan sebagai sukar untuk diuraikan pada aras trofik teratas.
Oleh itu, beberapa logam berat terpilih diukur daripada sedimen sungai dan tisu
larva pepatung jarum yang dikumpul daripada sungai terpilih menggunakan spektrometri
pelepasan optik plasma (ICP-OES) yang digabungkan secara induktif. Keputusan
menunjukkan logam dalam tisu pepatung jarum lebih tinggi daripada dalam sedimen. Mn
dan Zn didapati dalam kepekatan terbesar untuk sedimen dan tisu pepatung jarum. Faktor
pengumpulan biota-sedimen (BSAF) telah dihitung berdasarkan data ini dan
didapati bahawa semua nilai BSAF untuk Cd, Cu, Mn dan Zn adalah tinggi (BSAF
>1). Kesimpulannya, pencemaran sungai menyebabkan pengumpulan logam berat dalam
sedimen sungai dan larva pepatung jarum (Pseudagrion microcephalum, Pruinosum fraseri dan Copera marginipes). Nilai kepekatan
tertinggi dihitung sebagai 29.23 untuk Cd dalam tisu C. marginipes. Kepekatan tinggi unsur ini dalam tisu badan serangga
telah menunjukkan kesan bioakumulasi dan mungkin menimbulkan pembesaran biologi
kepada organisma pada aras trofik atas. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa
pepatung jarum boleh digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi bagi logam berat
khususnya pencemaran di sungai.
Kata kunci: Bioakumulasi; logam berat; sedimen; serangga akuatik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ahsuhaila@usm.my
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