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Sains Malaysiana 51(11)(2022): 3523-3537
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5111-02
Rate and
Efficiency of Organic Carbon Assimilation by Aquacultured Juvenile Sandfish Holothuria scabra
(Kadar dan Kecekapan Asimilasi Karbon Organik oleh Ikan
Pasir Juvenil Holothuria scabra Akuakultur)
A’AN JOHAN
WAHYUDI1,*, LISA FAJAR INDRIANA2,
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS2, HANIF BUDI PRAYITNO1 & HANNY
MEIRINAWATI1
1Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and
Innovation Agency, Pasir Putih 1, Ancol Timur, Jakarta
14430 Indonesia
2Research Center for Marine and Terrestrial Bio Industry,
National Research and Innovation Agency, Teluk Kodek, Pemenang, Lombok Utara
83352 Indonesia
Diserahkan: 9 Februari 2022/Diterima: 28 Jun
2022
Abstract
Diet assimilation rate is crucial to
the growth and survival of Holothuria scabra juveniles during culture. To understand the assimilation
rate and efficiency we assess organic carbon assimilation, which is closely
related to the growth and source of variations in diet. We conducted a
two-factor experiment, i.e., juvenile origin (cultured and wild H. scabra juveniles), and diet treatment (one control with
no additional diet, and three additional diets, i.e., rice bran, dried cow
manure, and seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract). We monitored the amounts of each diet that the
juveniles consumed and the fecal pellets they egested. The diet, sediment, body
walls, and organic carbon content of the fecal pellets were measured using an
elemental analyzer combined with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
Exponential growth was seen in the juveniles fed with rice bran, which had a
fecal pellet egestion of 0.12–0.21 gC/d. Stable
isotope analysis showed that the contribution of the diet proportion to the
growth of the sandfish did not exceed 30%. The range of the assimilation rate
was 35.3–62.4 gC/d. The average assimilation
efficiency of organic carbon was 43.6 ± 27.7% (max 57.9%). Considering the
assimilation rate and efficiency, we suggest a feeding interval of once every
two days or twice per week at a rate of 3–5% of the total H. scabra biomass for a juvenile culture system.
Keywords:
Assimilation; growth rate; Holothuria scabra; organic carbon; rearing culture sandfish
Abstrak
Kadar
asimilasi diet adalah penting untuk pertumbuhan dan kemandirian juvenil Holothuria
scabra semasa pengkulturan. Untuk memahami kadar asimilasi dan kecekapan,
kami menilai asimilasi karbon organik, yang berkait rapat dengan pertumbuhan
dan punca variasi dalam diet. Kami menjalankan uji kaji dua faktor, iaitu,
asal juvenil (juvenil H. scabra yang dikultur dan liar) dan rawatan diet
(satu kawalan tanpa diet tambahan dan tiga diet tambahan; dedak padi, baja tahi
lembu dan ekstrak rumput laut Enhalus acoroides). Kami memantau jumlah
setiap diet yang diambil oleh juvenil dan pelet najis yang dikeluarkan. Diet,
sedimen, dinding badan serta kandungan karbon organik pelet najis diukur
menggunakan penganalisis unsur yang digabungkan dengan spektrometer jisim
nisbah isotop. Pertumbuhan eksponen dilihat pada juvenil yang diberi makan
dedak padi, yang mempunyai penghadaman pelet najis 0.12–0.21 gC/d. Analisis
isotop stabil menunjukkan bahawa sumbangan perkadaran diet kepada pertumbuhan
ikan pasir tidak melebihi 30%. Julat kadar asimilasi ialah 35.3–62.4 gC/d.
Purata kecekapan asimilasi karbon organik ialah 43.6 ± 27.7% (maks 57.9%).
Memandangkan kadar asimilasi dan kecekapan, kami mencadangkan sela pemakanan
sekali setiap dua hari atau dua kali seminggu pada kadar 3-5% daripada jumlah
biojisim H. scabra untuk sistem kultur juvenil.
Kata kunci:
Asimilasi; Holothuria scabra; kadar pertumbuhan; karbon organik;
ternakan ikan pasir
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: aanj001@brin.go.id
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