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Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-25
A Geant4 Simulation on the Application of Multi-layer Graphene as a Detector Material in High-energy Physics
(Simulasi Geant4 ke atas Pengaplikasian Grafin Berbilang
Lapisan sebagai Bahan Pengesan dalam Fizik Bertenaga Tinggi)
NURUL
HIDAYAH MOHAMAD NOR1,2,*, NUR AFIRA ANUAR2,
WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN WAN ABDULLAH1, BOON TONG GOH2 & MOHD FAKHARUL ZAMAN RAJA YAHYA3
1National
Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, 50603
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
2Low
Dimensional Material Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of
Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,
Federal Territory, Malaysia
3Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450
Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
3 Januari 2022/Diterima: 25 Mei 2022
Abstract
The
excellent properties of graphene, such as its high thermal conductivity, high
electrical conductivity, and high electron density, make it an ideal candidate
as a detector material in high-energy physics applications. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of multi-layer graphene
(MLG) as a detector material in a high-energy environment. The Geant4 software
package was used to estimate the energy of the deposited electrons within
various thicknesses of MLG, ranging from 3 to 20 nm. The efficiency of the MLG
as a detector material was further analyzed from the scattering angle and the
yield of the secondary particles produced from the electron interaction with
the material. The incident electron’s kinetic energy used herein ranged between
30 keV and 1 GeV, at a particle fluence of 1×107 e/cm2. The results show that the deposited
energy was relatively low for the interaction with 1 MeV electrons, and
dramatically increased as the thickness increases beyond 15 nm. This result was
further supported by the highest yield of gamma radiation recorded by the
interaction with a kinetic energy larger than 1 MeV, for thickness larger than
15 nm. The results suggest that the MLG works best as a charged particle
detector in low energy ranges, while for high energy ranges, a thickness over
15 nm is suggested. The findings demonstrate that a MLG with a thickness larger
than 15 nm could potentially be used as a detector material in high-energy
conditions.
Keywords: Detector
material; Geant4; Monte Carlo simulation method
Abstrak
Ciri cemerlang grafin seperti kekonduksian terma, kekonduksian elektrik dan ketumpatan elektron yang tinggi telah menjadikannya calon yang ideal sebagai bahan pengesan dalam aplikasi fizik bertenaga tinggi. Kajian ini menunjukkan kebolehlaksanaan grafin berbilang lapisan (MLG) sebagai bahan pengesan dalam persekitaran bertenaga tinggi. Perisian Geant4 digunakan untuk mengukur tenaga elektron terdeposit dalam pelbagai ketebalan MLG, antara 3 hingga 20 nm. Kecekapan MLG sebagai bahan pengesan dianalisis selanjutnya dari sudut serakan dan hasil zarah sekunder yang dihasilkan daripada interaksi elektron dengan bahan. Tenaga kinetik elektron yang digunakan di sini adalah antara 30 keV hingga 1 GeV, pada kelancaran zarah 1×107 e/cm2. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tenaga yang didepositkan adalah agak rendah untuk interaksi dengan elektron 1 MeV dan bertambah baik secara mendadak dengan ketebalan melebihi 15 nm. Keputusan ini disokong lagi oleh hasil sinaran gamma tertinggi yang diperoleh untuk interaksi dengan tenaga kinetik lebih besar daripada 1 MeV bagi ketebalan melebihi 15 nm. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa MLG berfungsi paling baik sebagai pengesan zarah bercas dalam julat tenaga rendah, manakala untuk julat tenaga tinggi, ketebalan melebihi 15 nm dicadangkan.
Kata kunci: Bahan pengesan; Geant4; kaedah simulasi Monte Carlo
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
nurulhidayah@um.edu.my
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