Sains Malaysiana 50(9)(2021): 2549-2561

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5009-05

Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum B1902 in Controlling Fusarium Wilt of Cavendish Banana Cultivar

(Penilaian Trichoderma asperellum B1902 dalam Mengawal Layu Fusarium pada Kultivar Pisang Cavendish)

SHARIFAH SITI MARYAM SYD ABDUL RAHMAN, NUR AIN IZZATI MOHD ZAINUDIN* & NOR AZWADY ABD. AZIZ

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 20 Februari 2020/Diterima: 7 Januari 2021

ABSTRACT

Trichoderma species is one of the microorganisms with antagonistic properties as biological control agents. In the banana industry, Fusarium wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) has been practically managed using chemical pesticides that led to environmental disruptions, ineffective conditions and disease resistance. In preliminary study, T. asperellum gave better result compared to other species in inhibiting the growth of Foc in in vitro condition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of T. asperellum as a biological control of Fusarium wilt disease of banana. A total of 326 fungal isolates were isolated from soil samples obtained around Malaysia and identified as Trichoderma species based on phenotype characteristics. The species identity for the best candidates from dual culture test was confirmed based on internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) sequence identity. In dual culture test, findings showed that three isolates with a high percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) were observed in plates of T. asperellum isolates B1902 (84.85%), T2007 (77.78%) and C1667 (75.76%), which successfully inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense isolate 9888. Based on in vivo test, the best candidate was T. asperellum B1902 with lower disease severity index (DSI) value of 0.2 compared to the inoculated control with DSI of 3.6. As a conclusion, T. asperellum B1902 can be used as an alternative treatment in managing Fusarium wilt disease. Hence, future study should be focused on applying T. asperellum as a biocontrol agent in the field and controlling other plant diseases in the agricultural plantation.

Keywords: Biological agent; Fusarium oxysporum; Malaysia; Panama disease

ABSTRAK

Spesies Trichoderma ialah salah satu mikroorganisma yang memiliki sifat antagonis sebagai agen kawalan biologi. Dalam industri tanaman pisang, penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) dikawal menggunakan racun kimia yang boleh menyebabkan kesan negatif kepada persekitaran, tidak berkesan dalam sesetengah keadaan dan rintangan penyakit. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti kesanT. asperellum sebagai kawalan biologi penyakit layu Fusarium pada pisang. Sebanyak 326 pencilan telah dipencilkan daripada sampel yang diperoleh di sekitar Malaysia dan dikenal pasti sebagai spesiesTrichoderma berdasarkan ciri fenotip. Pencilan terbaik yang dikenal pasti daripada ujian dwikultur disahkan identiti spesiesnya melalui analisis jujukan mentranskripsi jarak dalaman (ITS) dan translasi pemanjangan faktor 1-alfa (TEF-1α). Untuk uji kaji dwikultur, pemerhatian mendapati nilai peratus perencatan pertumbuhan radius (PIRG) tertinggi dapat diperhatikan pada kultur T. asperellum pencilan B1902 (84.85%), T2007 (77.78%) dan C1667 (75.76%) yang berjaya merencatkan pertumbuhan pencilanFoc 9888. Berdasarkan uji kaji secarain vivo, pencilan terbaik adalahT. asperellum B1902 dengan nilai indeks keseriusan penyakit (DSI) 0.2 berbanding kawalan pada 3.6. Sebagai kesimpulan, T. asperellum B1902 berpotensi digunakan sebagai rawatan alternatif dalam mengawal penyakit layu Fusarium. Oleh itu, kajian akan datang perlu memfokuskan kepada aplikasiT. asperellum sebagai agen biokawalan di persekitaran lapangan pertanian yang sebenar.

Kata kunci: Agen biokawalan; Fusarium oxysporum; Malaysia; penyakit Panama

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ainizzati@upm.edu.my