Sains
Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3765-3772
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-25
The High Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Raw
Chicken Meat and Contact Surfaces at Wet Market in Malaysia
(Kekerapan Kejadian Salmonella spp. Rintang Pelbagai Antibiotik Dipencilkan daripada Daging Ayam Mentah
dan Permukaan Bersentuhan di Pasar Basah Malaysia)
ASIF SUKRI1, SITI SHAHARA
ZULFAKAR2, ILLYA SYAHIRAH MOHD TAIB3, NURUL
FATHIAH OMAR3 & NORAZIAH MOHAMAD ZIN3*
1Integrative
Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak
Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Environmental Health & Industrial
Safety Programme, Centre for Toxicology and Health
Risk Studies, Faculty
of Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
3Programme
of Biomedical Science, Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic, & Investigative
Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 29 September 2021/ Diterima:
2 Disember 2021
ABSTRACT
Post-slaughter processing steps during poultry meat
production contribute to Salmonella contamination and may transmit multidrug-resistant Salmonella to chicken meats and contact surfaces. This
study was undertaken to identify Salmonella spp. strains isolated from chicken meats and their contact surfaces,
and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. A total of 20 samples
were collected from raw chicken meat and its contact surfaces from a shop in
Pasar Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur. Identification of presumptive Salmonella colonies was conducted by using biochemical
tests and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic susceptibility
test was conducted by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against 11
antibiotics. Salmonella enterica Group I was only detected in seven samples. The antibiogram testing showed that
all the seven Salmonella isolates
(100%) were multidrug-resistant and all isolates were resistant to penicillin,
chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Resistance towards
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin and ampicillin was observed in four
isolates. However, sensitivity was recorded for cephalexin, cefoxitin,
cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone in six isolates. The highest multiple antibiotic
resistance (MAR) index of 1.00 (resistance to all eleven antibiotics tested)
was observed in one isolate (P2) while the lowest MAR index of 0.36 (resistance
to four antibiotics tested) was observed in three isolates (CB, M2 and M3). Our
results demonstrated that raw chicken and meat contact surface were a source of
multidrug-resistant Salmonella and
can contribute to significant health concern in Malaysia. Stringent hygienic
procedure during chicken meat processing should be therefore be practised.
Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility; multidrug-resistant Salmonella; raw chicken meat; Salmonella spp.; wet market
ABSTRAK
Langkah pasca penyembelihan semasa pemprosesan daging ayam
menyumbang kepada pencemaran dan penularan Salmonella yang rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik
dalam daging ayam pada permukaan yang bersentuhan. Kajian ini telah dijalankan
untuk mengenal pasti strain Salmonella spp. yang dipencilkan daripada daging ayam dan daripada permukaan bersentuhan
dan seterusnya digunakan untuk menentukan profil kerintangan antibiotik.
Sejumlah 20 sampel telah diambil daripada daging ayam mentah dan permukaan
bersentuhan daripada sebuah kedai di pasar basah Chow Kit yang terletak di
Kuala Lumpur. Pengenalpastian koloni Salmonella telah dijalankan menggunakan ujian biokimia dan tindak balas
polimerase berantai (PCR). Ujian kerentanan antibiotik telah dilakukan
menggunakan kaedah resapan piring Kirby-Bauer terhadap 11 antibiotik. Salmonella
enterica Kumpulan I telah dikesan dalam
tujuh sampel. Ujian antibiogram menunjukkan semua pencilan Salmonella rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik dan
semua pencilan rintang terhadap Penisilin, Kloramfenikol, Eritromisin dan
Tetrasiklin. Kerintangan terhadap Trimetoprim-Sulfametoksazol, Amoksilin dan
Ampisilin diperhatikan dalam empat pencilan Salmonella. Namun, empat pencilan tersebut rentan terhadap Sefalekin, Sefositin,
Sefotaksim dan Seftriakson. Indeks kepelbagaian rintangan antibiotik (MAR)
paling tinggi iaitu 1.00 (rintang terhadap sebelas antibiotik yang diuji) telah
diperhatikan dalam satu pencilan (P2) manakala indeks MAR paling rendah iaitu
0.36 (rintang terhadap empat antibiotik) diperhatikan dalam tiga pencilan (CB,
M2 dan M3). Hasil kajian menunjukkan daging ayam mentah dan permukaan
bersentuhan dengan daging merupakan sumber Salmonella rintang terhadap pelbagai antibiotik dan boleh menyumbang kepada
masalah kesihatan di Malaysia. Prosedur kebersihan yang ketat semasa pemprosesan
daging ayam perlu diamalkan.
Kata kunci: Daging ayam mentah; Salmonella spp.; Salmonella rintang pelbagai antibiotik; pasar basah; ujian kerentanan antibiotik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: noraziah.zin@ukm.edu.my
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