Sains
Malaysiana 50(12)(2021): 3523-3535
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5012-05
Surface Electromyography Quantification Methods for
Evaluating Muscle Activity in Dysphagia
(Kaedah Kuantifikasi Elektromiografi
Permukaan untuk Penilaian Aktiviti Otot pada Disfagia)
SUPRIJANTO1*, AZIZAH S. NOOR1, MIRANTI
I. MANDASARI2 & HESTY SUSANTI1
1Medical Instrumentation
Laboratory, Instrumentation and Control Research Group, Faculty of Industrial
Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
2Department of Engineering Physics, Faculty of Industrial
Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
Diserahkan:
21 November 2020/Diterima: 19 April 2021
ABSTRACT
Quantitative evaluation of stroke patients with the risk of
swallowing disorder or dysphagia is required to support diagnosis and further
rehabilitation planning. Fluoroscopy X-ray imaging usually is used for
swallowing diagnosis, though it gives radiation exposure to patients.
Therefore, quantification of muscle coordination patterns involved in
swallowing based on surface electromyography (sEMG) was introduced. However, an
adequate quantification of sEMG for dysphagia diagnosis still lacks
standardization. In this work, potential sEMG signal features, namely the
contraction duration (DUR), the time to peak of maximum contraction (TTP), and
the total RMS power (TP), were further investigated to evaluate the swallowing
processes in healthy subjects and post-stroke patients. The experimental scheme
instructed the participant, i.e. 20 healthy subjects and 20 patients, to
swallow 3 mL of water in normal swallowing mode and swallow saliva in dry
swallowing mode. The proposed signal processing procedure helps to establish
the feature extraction of the three features mentioned earlier. For dysphagia
assessment, with the support of our proposed signal processing procedure, DUR
and TTP can be used together to improve diagnosis reliability. The
characteristic of both features in healthy subjects was shorter than in
post-stroke patients. Also, the TP feature is useful as additional information
to evaluate the role of suprahyoid (SUP)
and infrahyoid (INF) muscle groups
which are very important in the swallowing process. These results are promising
to provide a reliable set of features in the time domain for swallowing
analysis. Notably, this can also be utilized as a feature for supporting the
automatic classification of dysphagia diagnosis.
Keywords: Dysphagia; signals processing; surface
electromyography (sEMG); swallowing disorder
ABSTRAK
Penilaian
kuantitatif pesakit strok dengan risiko gangguan menelan atau disfagia
diperlukan untuk menyokong diagnosis dan perencanaan rehabilitasi selanjutnya.
Pengimejan sinar-X dengan kaedah fluoroskopi saat ini sering digunakan untuk
diagnosis disfagia, walaupun ia menyebabkan pendedahan radiasi kepada pesakit.
Oleh itu, kuantifikasi pola koordinasi daripada otot yang terkait pada proses
menelan berdasarkan elektromiografi permukaan (sEMG) diusulkan. Walaupun
demikian, standard kuantifikasi sEMG untuk diagnosis disfagia masih lemah.
Dalam kajian ini, potensi ciri sEMG, antara lain durasi kontraksi (DUR), waktu
ke puncak kontraksi maksimum (TTP) dan daya RMS total (TP) perlu dilakukan
penilaian lebih lanjut untuk mengenal pasti proses menelan pada subjek yang
sihat dan pasca penyakit strok. Skema uji kaji mengarahkan peserta yang terdiri daripada 20 subjek sihat
dan 20 pesakit, untuk menelan 3 mL air dalam mod menelan normal dan menelan air
liur dalam mod menelan kering. Prosedur pemprosesan isyarat yang diusulkan
untuk menentukan ciri pengekstrakan daripada ketiga ciri yang disebutkan. Untuk
penilaian disfagia, dengan prosedur pemprosesan isyarat yang diusulkan, DUR dan
TTP dapat digunakan bersama untuk meningkatkan keberkesanan diagnosis. Kedua
ciri pada subjek yang sihat adalah lebih pendek daripada pesakit pasca strok.
Selain itu, ciri TP berguna sebagai maklumat tambahan untuk menilai peranan
kelompok otot suprahoid (SUP) dan infrahoid (INF) yang sangat penting dalam proses menelan. Hasil daripada penelitian
ini memberikan ciri untuk pengkelasan diagnosis automatik disfagia.
Kata kunci: Disfagia; elektromiografi permukaan (sEMG);
gangguan menelan; pemprosesan isyarat
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: supri@tf.itb.ac.id
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