Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 713-719

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-26

The Risk Measurement of Horticultural Price: A Comparison Based on Financial Access in West Java, Indonesia

(Pengiraan Risiko Harga Hortikultur: Suatu Perbandingan berdasarkan Akses Kewangan di Jawa Barat, Indonesia)

ELIANA WULANDARI*, DIKA SUPYANDI & ERNAH

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang km. 21, Jatinangor 45363, Indonesia

Diserahkan: 28 Februari 2019/Diterima: 10 November 2019

ABSTRACT

Access to finance has been an important issue in minimizing the risk in agricultural prices. Farmers in Indonesia can access finance from different financial sources, including from banks, micro finance institutions (MFIs), farmers’ associations, traders, agricultural input kiosks, family, and friends. This research was aimed to investigate the difference of price risk between farmers who had access to finance from different financial providers and those who did not, and to analyze the price risk and its relation to some socioeconomic variables. A survey was conducted to collect data from selected horticultural farmers, i.e. potato and banana farmers at the center of potato and banana production in West Java. The price risk was analyzed using 25th percentile and coefficient of variation. Moreover, the data were analyzed using independent t-test to see the difference of the risk between the groups of farmers, and censored regression model to see the relation between price risk and some socioeconomic variables. The results show that farmers who had access to financial sources from MFIs, farmers’ associations, traders and from other financial sources had a lower price risk of banana compared to the farmers who did not have access to finance from those financial providers. The results also show that farmers having access to finance from traders had lower risk in terms of the price distribution. The findings suggest the need to enhance financial access from MFIs, farmers’ associations, and traders since those finance providers seem to have potency to minimize the farmers’ risk on price.

Keywords: Access to finance; horticulture; price risk

ABSTRAK

Akses kepada pembiayaan merupakan satu isu penting dalam meminimumkan risiko harga pertanian. Petani di Indonesia dapat mengakses pembiayaan daripada pelbagai sumber pembiayaan, termasuk bank, institusi pembiayaan mikro (MFI), persatuan petani, pedagang, kios input pertanian, keluarga dan rakan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbezaan risiko harga antara petani yang mempunyai akses terhadap pembiayaan daripada penyedia pembiayaan dan mereka yang tidak serta menganalisis risiko harga dan kaitannya dengan beberapa pemboleh ubah sosioekonomi. Suatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk mengumpul data daripada petani hortikultur terpilih, iaitu petani kentang dan pisang di pusat pengeluaran kentang dan pisang di Jawa Barat. Risiko harga dianalisis menggunakan persentil ke-25 dan koefisien variasi. Tambahan pula, data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t bebas untuk melihat perbezaan risiko antara kelompok petani dan model regresi yang disensor untuk melihat hubungan antara risiko harga dan beberapa pemboleh ubah sosioekonomi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa petani yang mempunyai akses kepada sumber pembiayaan daripada MFI, persatuan petani, pedagang dan sumber pembiayaan lain mempunyai risiko harga pisang yang lebih rendah berbanding dengan petani yang tidak mendapat akses daripada penyedia pembiayaan tersebut. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa petani yang mendapat akses kepada pedagang mempunyai risiko yang lebih rendah daripada segi distribusi harga. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlunya meningkatkan akses pembiayaan daripada MFI, persatuan petani dan pedagang kerana penyedia pembiayaan tersebut mempunyai potensi untuk meminimumkan risiko harga petani.

Kata kunci: Akses kepada pembiayaan; hortikultur; risiko harga

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: eliana.wulandari@unpad.ac.id