Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 573-581
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-12
Crystalline Silica Exposure
and Air Quality Perception of Residents Living Around Home Stone
Factories
(Dedahan Habluran
Silika dan Persepsi Kualiti Udara Penduduk yang Tinggal di Sekitar Kilang Batu Rumah)
SAKESUN THONGTIP1, PENPRAPA SIVIROJ5*,
ATHAVUDH DEESOMCHOK2, ANAWAT WISETBORISUT3
& TIPPAWAN PRAPAMONTOL4
1Division
of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Phayao,
Phayao, 56000, Thailand
2Department
of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
3Department
of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
4Research
Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
50200, Thailand
5Department
of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
Diserahkan: 5 Mac
2019/Diterima: 6 Disember
2019
ABSTRACT
Stone factories containing harmful inhalable
crystalline silica that can penetrate deep into the respiratory
system causing silicosis. People living around stone factories should
be concerned about the risk of dust pollutants. This study aimed
to assess the crystalline silica concentrations and air quality
perception (AQP) among residents living around home stone factories.
Forty samples of PM10 and crystalline silica concentrations
were collected from 11 home stone factories and measured following
the NIOSH methods 0600 and 7601. A cross- sectional study was carried
out into 325 subjects who were interviewed using the AQP and respiratory
symptoms questionnaires, and a Geographic Information System technique
for distance from stone factories was measured. The average crystalline
silica concentrations of all stone factories were higher than the
recommendation. Bivariate analyses showed that the subjects’ age,
income, occupation, smoking, distances, and number of respiratory
symptoms were associated with AQP. Interestingly, those with distance
from stone factories lower than 50 m had a poorer AQP than those whose distance
from stone factories was more than 100 m (cOR 2.5, 95%CI:
1.3-4.9). An increasing number of respiratory symptoms was associated
with a poor quality of air perception (B = 0.752, SE = 0.242) and
those which had chest pain, nose irritation and stuffy nose were
associated with a poor AQP. All home stone factories produce inhalable
dust pollutants. The AQP can be used to link distances from pollutant
sources and have a relationship with respiratory symptoms. Periodically
monitor dust pollutants exposure, AQP and surveillance of respiratory
illness should be done.
Keywords: Air quality
perception; crystalline silica;
GIS; home stone factory; respiratory symptoms
ABSTRACT
Kilang batu mengandungi
habluran silika sedutan berbahaya yang boleh menembusi jauh ke dalam
sistem pernafasan
dan menyebabkan silikosis. Penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan kilang batu seharusnya
bimbang tentang
risiko pencemaran debu. Kajian ini
bertujuan menilai
kepekatan habluran silika dan persepsi
kualiti udara
(AQP) dalam kalangan penduduk yang tinggal di sekitar kawasan kilang batu rumah. Empat puluh sampel
PM10
dan kepekatan habluran silika dikumpul daripada 11 kilang batu rumah dan
diukur menggunakan
kaedah NIOSH 0600 dan 7601. Suatu kajian rentas
telah dijalankan
ke atas 325 subjek yang ditemu bual menggunakan AQP dan soal selidik
gejala pernafasan
serta teknik Sistem
Maklumat Geografi
digunakan untuk mengukur
jarak daripada
kilang batu. Purata kepekatan habluran silika kesemua kilang
batu adalah
lebih tinggi daripada
yang disarankan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan umur, pendapatan, pekerjaan, perokok, jarak serta gejala
pernafasan subjek
dikaitkan dengan AQP. Menariknya, subjek dengan
jarak daripada
kilang batu kurang
daripada 50 m mempunyai
AQP yang lebih rendah berbanding subjek dengan jarak
100 m daripada kilang
batu (cOR 2.5, 95%CI:
1.3-4.9). Peningkatan gejala pernafasan
dikaitkan dengan
persepsi kualiti udara yang kurang baik (B = 0.752, SE = 0.242) dan subjek yang mengalami sakit dada, gatal hidung serta
hidung tersumbat
dikaitkan dengan AQP yang rendah. Semua kilang batu
rumah menghasilkan pencemaran
debu sedutan. AQP boleh digunakan untuk menghubungkan jarak daripada sumber pencemaran dan mempunyai perkaitan
dengan gejala
pernafasan. Kawalan secara berkala dedahan pencemaran debu, AQP dan pengawasan penyakit pernafasan
sepatutnya dijalankan.
Kata kunci: Gejala pernafasan; GIS; habluran silika; kilang batu rumah; persepsi kualiti udara
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: psiviroj@gmail.com
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