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Sains Malaysiana 49(3)(2020): 483-492 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-03
Carbonized
Rice Husk and Cocopeat as Alternative Media Bed for Aquaponic System (Sekam Bakar dan Sabut Kelapa sebagai Media Alternatif untuk
Sistem Akuaponik) MUHD
NAZRUL HISHAM ZAINAL ALAM1, NUR SYAHMI IZZATI ALI OTHMAN2, SANI AMRIL SAMSUDIN1,
ANWAR JOHARI2,3, MIMI HARYANI HASSIM2,3 &
MOHD JOHARI KAMARUDDIN2,3* 1Department of Bioprocess
and Polymer Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor
Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia 2Department of Chemical
Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty
of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru,
Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia 3Centre of Hydrogen
Energy (CHE), Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia Diserahkan:
21 Julai 2019/Diterima: 23 November 2019 ABSTRACT The study evaluates the suitability of carbonized rice
husk and cocopeat substrates as alternative media bed in aquaponics
unit for cultivation of red Nile tilapia and Gynura procumbens. Area occupied by the aquaponics unit is about 4.5 m2 and
it was operated under equatorial climate conditions. Various substrates
namely lightweight expanded
clay aggregate (LECA), cocopeat, carbonized
rice husk and a mixture of cocopeat-rice husk at ratio 1:1 were
prepared using polybags for growing of the longevity spinach. The
resultant effects from fish cultivation and plants growth on the
water qualities and nitrification efficiency of the aquaponics unit
were reported. The aquaponics unit were operated for twelve weeks
and the values of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen level were
measured to be within the range of 6.4-6.9, 27.7-29oC,
and 5.5-7 mg·L-1, respectively. Survival rate for fish
was 98% with specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio
(FCR) of 6.9% per day and 1.13, respectively. Nutrient deficiency
was not evident and plants showed healthy growth with harvest yield
ranging between 3.6 and 3.9 kg·m-2. Results attained
signified the suitability of utilizing carbonized rice husk and
cocopeat as alternatives media bed compared to commercial media
bed such as LECA. Keywords: Aquaponics; Gynura procumbens; LECA; media grow bed; red Nile Tilapia ABSTRAK Kajian ini menilai kesesuaian bahan sekam bakar dan sabut
kelapa sebagai media alternatif dalam unit akuaponik bagi pembiakan
tilapia merah dan Gynura procumbens. Keluasan unit akuaponik yang dibentuk ialah 4.5 m2
dan operasi dijalankan di bawah keadaan cuaca khatulistiwa. Pelbagai bahan
termasuk gumpalan tanah liat ringan (LECA), sekam bakar, sabut kelapa
dan campuran sabut kelapa
dan sekam bakar pada nisbah 1:1 disediakan menggunakan polibeg bagi
pertumbuhan sambung nyawa. Kesan paduan daripada
pembiakan ikan dan pertumbuhan pokok pada kualiti air dan keberkesanan
tindak balas nitrifikasi unit akuaponik dilaporkan. Unit akuaponik tersebut
beroperasi selama dua belas minggu dan nilai pH, suhu dan tahap
oksigen terlarut didapati berada dalam lingkungan 6.4-6.9, 27.7-29oC
dan 5.5-7 mg·L-1. Kadar kelangsungan hidup ikan adalah 98% dengan kadar pertumbuhan
tentu (SGR) dan kadar penukaran makanan (FCR) ialah masing masing
pada 6.9% per hari dan 1.13. Tiada
kesan kekurangan nutrien dan pokok menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang
sihat dengan hasil tuaian berkisar antara 3.6 hingga 3.9 kg·m-2. Keputusan yang diperoleh membuktikan kebolehsesuaian
dalam penggunaan bahan sekam bakar dan sabut kelapa sebagai media alternatif berbanding media
komersil seperti LECA. Kata kunci: Akuaponik; Gynura procumbens; LECA; media pertumbuhan; Tilapia
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surat-menyurat; email: mjohari@utm.my
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