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Sains Malaysiana 48(8)(2019):
1635–1642
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4808-09
Chemical Analysis on the
Honey of Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami from Sarawak,
Malaysia
(Analisis Kimia pada Madu
Heterotrigona itama dan Tetrigona binghami dari Sarawak,
Malaysia)
PEARLY WONG, HII SIEW LING*, KOH CHEN CHUNG, THOMAS MOH SHAN YAU
& SUZY RINI ANAK GINDI
School
of Engineering and Technology, University College of Technology Sarawak, No. 1,
Jalan Universiti, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
25 Oktober 2018/Diterima: 23 Mei 2019
ABSTRACT
This study aims to
compare the chemical composition of honey samples produced by Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami which
originated from Sarawak, Malaysia. One hundred and six (106) honey
samples were collected from local bee farms and analysed in terms of their
chemical profiles. The chemical analysis conducted includes physicochemical
composition such as moisture, total phenolic content, sugar, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
(5-HMF), pH and organic acids and proximate analysis which
included ash, protein, carbohydrates and energy. Independent T-test was used as
a statistical tool to investigate the significant difference between the
composition of both honey samples. The results showed that honey samples of Heterotrigona
itama and Tetrigona binghami possessed significant difference (p<0.05)
in moisture, total phenolic content, fructose, glucose, pH, protein, gluconic
acid, acetic acid, ash, carbohydrates and energy. The honey samples of Heterotrigona
itama exhibited significantly higher fructose and glucose at the average of
22.00 ± 3.48 g/ 100 g and 23.45 ± 3.23 g/100 g, respectively. Besides, the
honey samples also possessed higher pH value, gluconic acid, ash, carbohydrates
and energy. Meanwhile, Tetrigona binghami honey samples possessed
significantly (p< 0.05) higher moisture content, total phenolic
content, protein and acetic acid compared to the Heterotrigona itama’s honey
samples. To conclude, the geographical and floral origins of honey are the two
important quality parameters which fundamentally affect the physical-chemical
properties as well as biological activities of honey samples.
Keywords: Heterotrigona itama; Sarawak; species; stingless bee honey; Tetrigona
binghami
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk
membandingkan komposisi kimia sampel madu yang dihasilkan oleh Heterotrigona itama dan Tetrigona binghami yang berasal
dari Sarawak, Malaysia. Seratus enam (106) sampel madu diambil dari
ladang lebah tempatan dan dianalisis daripada segi profil kimia
mereka. Analisis kimia dijalankan termasuk komposisi fizikokimia
seperti kelembapan, jumlah kandungan fenolik, gula, 5-hidroksimetilfurfural
(5-HMF),
pH dan asid organik dan analisis proksimat termasuk abu, protein,
karbohidrat dan tenaga. Ujian-T bebas digunakan sebagai alat statistik
untuk mengkaji perbezaan yang ketara antara komposisi kedua-dua
sampel madu. Hasil menunjukkan bahawa sampel madu Heterotrigona
itama dan Tetrigona binghami mempunyai perbezaan yang
signifikan (p<0.05) daripada segi kelembapan, jumlah kandungan
fenolik, fruktosa, glukosa, pH, protein, asid glukonik, asid
asetik, abu, karbohidrat dan tenaga. Sampel madu Heterotrigona
itama menunjukkan fruktosa dan glukosa yang lebih tinggi masing-masing
pada purata 22.00 ± 3.48 g/100 g dan 23.45 ± 3.23
g/100 g. Selain itu, sampel madu kajian juga memiliki nilai pH lebih
tinggi, asid glukonik, abu, karbohidrat dan tenaga.
Sementara itu, sampel madu Tetrigona binghami mempunyai kandungan
lembapan yang tinggi (p<0.05) secara signifikan, jumlah
kandungan fenolik, protein dan asid asetik berbanding sampel madu
Heterotrigona itama. Sebagai kesimpulan, asal-usul geografi
dan bunga madu adalah dua parameter penting yang pada dasarnya mempengaruhi
sifat fizikal-kimia serta aktiviti biologi sampel madu.
Kata kunci: Heterotrigona
itama; madu lebah tiada sengat; Sarawak; spesies; Tetrigona binghami
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: hiisl@ucts.edu.my
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