Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1843–1852

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-24

Kesan Penuaan ke atas Kehubungan Berkesan Otak semasa Pemprosesan Persepsi Pertuturan daripada Perspektif Pemodelan Sebab dan Akibat Dinamik: Satu Kajian fMRI

(Effects of Aging on Effective Brain Connectivity during Speech Perception Processing

from Dynamic Causal Modeling Perspective: An fMRI Study)

HANANI ABDUL MANAN^1*, AHMAD NAZLIM YUSOFF² & SITI ZAMRATOL-MAI

SARAH MUKARI³

¹Department of Radiology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak,56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

²Diagnostic Imaging & Radiotherapy Program, School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

³Audiology Program, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur,

Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 29 September 2017/Diterima: 23 Mac 2018

ABSTRAK

Proses penuaan seringkali dikaitkan dengan kemerosotan pada sistem kognitif. Kemerosotan kognitif bermula seawal usia dua puluhan dan berterusan secara linear. Selain itu, kemerosotan kognitif juga menjadi lebih nyata dengan kehadiran hingar latar. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan penuaan ke atas mekanisme pemprosesan persepsi pertuturan menggunakan tugasan mengulang secara terus (FRT) dalam senyap dan hingar belum difahami dengan jelas. Dalam kajian ini, pengimejan resonans magnet kefungsian (fMRI) digunakan untuk membandingkan kesan penuaan ke atas kehubungan efektif otak yang terhasil daripada tugasan FRT ke atas subjek normal dengan empat kumpulan umur yang berlainan iaitu 20 - 29 tahun (n = 15), 30 - 39 tahun (n = 15), 40 - 49 tahun (n = 10) dan 50 - 65 tahun (n = 14). Satu siri lima perkataan yang diselang-seli dalam keadaan hingar dengan senyap diberikan secara auditori. Pemetaan statistik berparameter (SPM8) dan pemodelan dinamik penyebab (DCM10) digunakan untuk menentukan kehubungan efektif otak. Kawasan yang terlibat dalam pembinaan model kehubungan efektif otak adalah STG, HG dan PCG. Model optimum yang dipilih dalam kajian ini adalah model yang menunjukkan keseimbangan antara ketepatan dan kesukaran. Keputusan fMRI kehubungan efektif menunjukkan bahawa komunikasi antara intrahemisfera tidak berubah dengan menggunakan tugasan FRT ini apabila seseorang semakin berusia, tetapi komunikasi antara interhemisfera menjadi semakin kompleks.

Kata kunci: DCM; fMRI; kehubungan efektif; pemprosesan auditori; penuaan

ABSTRACT

Aging process is often associated with a deterioration in cognitive system. The decline begins as early as in the twenties and continues linearly. Other than that, the decline also becomes more pronounced in the presence of background noise. However, the effects of aging on the mechanisms of speech perception processing using forward repeat task (FRT) in quiet and in noise have not yet clearly understood. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare the effects of aging on effective connectivity resulting from FRT tasks on normal subjects with four different age groups which are 20 - 29 years (n = 15), 30 - 39 years (n = 15), 40 - 49 years (n = 10) and 50 - 65 years (n = 14). A series of five words interspersed in noise and in quiet were given using auditory stimulus. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM8) and dynamic causal modeling (DCM10) was used to determine the effective connectivity. Three areas, STG, HG and PCG were selected to built effective connectivity models. The effective connectivity results using FRT task showed there is no significant changes in the intrahemispheric connectivity when a person gets older, however the interhemispheric communication becomes more complex.

Keywords: Ageing; auditory processing; DCM; effective connectivity; fMRI

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: hanani@ukm.edu.my