Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1455–1464
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-13
Integrated
Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment and CO2
Sequestration by Microalgae
(Rawatan
Bersepadu Efluen Kilang Kelapa Sawit dan Pemerangkapan CO2 oleh Mikroalga)
NUR ANIRA
SYAFIQAH
HAZMAN1,
NAZLINA
HAIZA
MOHD
YASIN2*,
MOHD
SOBRI
TAKRIFF3,4, HASSIMI
ABU
HASAN1,
KAMRUL
FAKIR
KAMARUDIN1
& NOOR IRMA NAZASHIDA
MOHD
HAKIMI5
1Chemical Engineering Programme, Research Centre for Sustainable
Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
2School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science
and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3UKM-YSD Chair on Sustainable
Development, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
4IDEA Center, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
5Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, R&D Centre - Carey Island,
Lot 2664, Jalan Pulau Carey,
42960 Pulau Carey, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 14 September 2017/Diterima: 8
Mac 2018
ABSTRACT
Malaysian
economy relies on palm oil industries as a driver for rural development.
However, palm oil mill effluent (POME) that is generated from palm
oil processing stages causes major environmental challenges. Before
being released to the environment, POME treatment is crucial to
comply with standard discharge limit. Microalgae have demonstrated
excellent potential for phycoremediating POME and capturing CO2.
In this study, local microalgae isolate such as Chlamydomonas
sp. UKM 6 and Chlorella spp. UKM 8 were used for POME treatment
in 21 days with different inoculum sizes (5%, 10% and 15%). In addition,
an integrated treatment process was performed by taking the treated
POME
supernatant for cultivation of Chorella spp.
UKM
2, Chorella sorokiniana UKM 3 and Chlorella vulgaris for
CO2 sequestration study. Different
CO2 concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%)
were used and the experiments were carried out in 10 days under
continuous illumination. The results showed that among two species
involves in POME
treatment, Chlamydomonas sp. UKM 6
showed a great potential to remove pollutant such as COD (56%),
nitrogen (65%) and phosphorus (34%). The biomass after POME treatment
and CO2 biofixation content high lipid
(90 mg lipid/g biomass) which can be the potential source for biodiesel
production. In CO2 sequestration
study, C. sorokininana UKM 3 able to takes up to 15% CO2
with CO2 uptake rate of 273 mgL-1d-1.
In this study, the integrated system of POME treatment and CO2
sequestration were feasible using microalgae.
Keywords: Chorella spp.;
Chlamydomonas sp.; CO2 capture;
effluent treatment; microalgae
ABSTRAK
Ekonomi
Malaysia bergantung kepada industri kelapa sawit untuk pembangunan
kawasan luar bandar. Walau bagaimanapun, efluen kilang kelapa sawit
(POME) yang terhasil pada peringkat pemprosesan minyak kelapa sawit
menyebabkan masalah besar kepada alam sekitar. Sebelum dilepaskan
ke alam sekitar, rawatan POME sangat penting untuk mematuhi had
pelepasan piawai yang telah ditetapkan. Mikroalga telah menunjukkan
potensi yang amat baik bagi tujuan bioremediasi POME dan pemerangkapan
CO2. Dalam kajian ini, pencilan mikroalga tempatan iaitu Chlamydomonas
sp. UKM 6 and Chlorella spp. UKM 8 telah digunakan untuk
merawat POME dalam jangka masa 21 hari menggunakan saiz enap cemar
yang berbeza (5%, 10% dan 15%). Di samping itu, proses rawatan bersepadu
dijalankan dengan mengambil supernatan POME yang
telah dirawat untuk inokulasi Chorella spp. UKM 2,
Chorella sorokiniana UKM 3 dan Chorella vulgaris bagi
kajian pemerangkapan CO2. Kepekatan
CO2 yang berlainan (5%, 10% dan 15%)
telah digunakan dan uji kaji telah dijalankan selama 10 hari di
bawah pencahayaan yang berterusan. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan
bahawa, antara dua spesies yang digunakan untuk rawatan POME, Chlamydomonas
sp. UKM
6 menunjukkan potensi yang besar untuk menurunkan
kadar COD (56%), nitrogen (65%) dan fosforus
(34%). Biojisim selepas rawatan POME dan
pemerangkapan CO2 menunjukkan
nilai lipid yang tinggi (90 mg lipid/g biomas) yang berpotensi menjadi
sumber penghasilan biodiesel. Dalam kajian pemerangkapan
karbon, C. sorokiniana UKM 3 boleh memerangkap sehingga 15% CO2
dengan kadar pemerangkapan
CO2
sebanyak 273 mgL-1d-1. Justeru,
proses integrasi antara rawatan POME dan pemerangkapan karbon
boleh dijalankan menggunakan mikroalga..
Kata
kunci: Chorella
spp.; Chlamydomonas
sp.;
mikroalga; pemerangkapan CO2;
rawatan efluen
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*Pengarang untuk
surat-menyurat; email: nazlinayasin@ukm.edu.my
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