Sains Malaysiana 47(7)(2018): 1369–1378

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4707-03

Predicting Potential Rastrelliger kanagurta Fish Habitat using MODIS Satellite Data and GIS Modeling: A Case Study of Exclusive Economic Zone, Malaysia

(Peramalan Potensi Habitat Ikan Rastrelliger kanagurta menggunakan Data Satelit MODIS dan Pemodelan GIS: Kajian Kes di Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif, Malaysia)

SHAARI, N.R. & MUSTAPHA, M.A.*

School of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 14 September 2017/Diterima: 3 Mac 2018

ABSTRACT

Remote sensing and GIS are robust tools in detection of fishing grounds which is important in providing fish sustainability for human being. This recent tool allows fishing grounds detection at minimal cost and optimizes effort. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between R. kanagurta fishing grounds with environmental factors and to determine its potential fishing grounds. MODIS derived satellite data of Chl-a and sea surface temperature (SST) and fisheries catch data of 2008 and 2009 were analyzed using suitability index (SI) and generalized additive model (GAM) in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution of R. kanagurta was associated with preferred range of 0.20 to 0.30 mg/m3 for Chl-a and 29 to 30°C for SST. GAM indicated that these parameters influenced fish distribution (p<0.001). Potential fishing ground maps derived from the SI and GAM model indicated accuracy at 75% with kappa of 0.7 and accuracy at 87.6% with kappa of 0.8, respectively. This study indicated the capability of GAM as an exploratory tool to map the potential fishing grounds of R. kanagurta in the EEZ waters.

Keywords: Fisheries spatial prediction; generalized additive model; MODIS; suitability index model

ABSTRAK

Penderiaan jauh dan GIS merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan untk mengesan kawasan tangkapan ikan yang sangat penting dalam memastikan kelangsungan ikan untuk keperluan manusia. Ia membantu dalam penentuan kawasan tangkapan ikan dengan kos yang minimum dan usaha yang optimum. Objektif dalam kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji perhubungan antara kawasan tangkapan ikan R. kanagurta dengan faktor persekitaran dan menentukan kawasan potensi tangkapan ikan. Data satelit Klorofil-a dan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) yang diperoleh daripada MODIS dan juga data-data ikan bagi tahun 2008 dan 2009 dianalisis menggunakan indeks kesesuaian (SI) dan model aditif umum (GAM) di kawasan Zon Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Keputusan kajian mendapati taburan ikan R. kanagurta berasosiasi dengan julat kesesuaian antara 0.20 hingga 0.30 mg/m3 bagi Klorofil-a dan 29 hingga 30°C bagi SPL. GAM menunjukkan parameter ini mempengaruhi taburan ikan (p<0.001). Peta kawasan potensi tangkapan ikan yang diperoleh daripada Indeks Kesesuaian (SI) dan model GAM menunjukkan ketepatan pada 75% masing-masing dengan Kappa 0.7 dan ketepatan 87.6% dengan kappa 0.8. Kajian ini menunjukkan kebolehan GAM sebagai kaedah dalam penentuan kawasan potensi tangkapan ikan R. kanagurta di perairan ZEE.

Kata kunci: Model aditif umum; model indeks kesuaian; MODIS; ramalan reruang perikanan

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: muzz@ukm.edu.my