 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 47(10)(2018): 2411–2419
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4710-17
Kesan Suplementasi Tokotrienol ke atas Perubahan
Hormon dan
Katekolamin Otak Tikus Aruhan Stres
(Effect
of Tocotrienol Supplementation on Hormones
and Catecholamines in the Brain of Rats Exposed to Stress) NUR AZLINA
MOHD
FAHAMI1*,
NADDIAH
SYAFIQAH
RAMLI2
& ELDA SURHAIDA LATIF2 1Jabatan Farmakologi, Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob
Latif, Bandar Tun Razak,
56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah
Persekutuan, Malaysia 2Program Bioperubatan, Fakulti Sains Bersekutu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan
Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan,
Malaysia ABSTRAK
Stres merupakan sebarang
gangguan, cabaran
atau ancaman kepada
seseorang individu
yang merangsang perubahan respon fizikal, mental dan emosi. Hormon stres dan katekolamin
dirembeskan di dalam
otak sebagai respon
terhadap stres.
Kajian ini mengenal pasti
kesan tokotrienol
tulen dan vitamin E sawit ke atas
perubahan hormon
stres dan katekolamin
pada tikus
yang diaruhkan stres imobilisasi rendaman air.
Sebanyak 32 ekor tikus Wistar
jantan telah
dibahagikan secara rawak kepada empat
kumpulan kajian.
Dua kumpulan kawalan;
kumpulan tanpa
stres (NS) dan kumpulan tanpa stres (CS) serta dua kumpulan rawatan
yang diberikan tokotrienol
(TTS)
atau vitamin E sawit
(TFS)
secara oral paksaan
pada dos 60 mg/kg berat badan selama 28 hari. Setelah tamat tempoh rawatan,
tikus daripada
kumpulan CS, TTS dan TFS telah didedahkan kepada stres imobilisasi rendaman air selama tiga setengan jam. Kemudian, otak tikus diambil
untuk pengukuran
hormon pelepasan kotikotrofin (CRH), hormon
adenokortikotropik (ACTH),
norepinefrin, dopamin
dan serotonin. Keputusan kajian mendapati
peningkatan kandungan
CRH,
ACTH,
norepinefrin dan
dopamine di dalam otak
tikus yang diaruh stres berbanding kumpulan kawalan tanpa stres. Kandungan serotonin
pula menurun akibat
stres. Walau
bagaimanapun, tikus yang diberi suplementasi tokotrienol dan vitamin E sawit menunjukkan penurunan signifikan kandungan CRH, ACTH,
norepinefrin dan
dopamin serta peningkatan
kandungan dan
serotonin sehingga hampir ke aras normal. Tiada perbezaan antara pemberian tokotrienol dan vitamin E sawit. Sebagai kesimpulan, tokotrienol dan vitamin E sawit berkesan dalam mengawal perubahan hormon stres serta
katekolamin pada
otak tikus yang teraruh stres. Kata kunci:
Hormon stres;
katekolamin; otak; stres restrain; tokotrienol ABSTRACT
Stress includes any disturbances,
challenges or threats to an individual, which stimulates physical,
mental and emotional responses. Stress hormones and catecholamines are released from the brain in response to
stress. Antioxidant properties of vitamin E had been proven to
help in reducing stress. This study was designed to investigate
the effects of tocotrienol and palm vitamin E supplementation on stress hormones
and catecholamines in stress-induced
rats. Thirty two male Wistar rats were
randomly assigned into four groups, consisted of two control groups
(NS and
CS)
which were fed with a commercially prepared normal rat diet while
two treatment groups (TTS and TFS) were given tocotrienol or palm vitamin E orally in the dose of 60 mg/kg
body weight. After 28 days of treatment; CS,
TTS
and TFS
rats were subjected to water-immersion restraint
stress for three and a half hours once. The rats were killed and
their brain was taken to determine stress hormones and catecholamines
levels. The findings showed that stressed (CS) rats had a
significantly higher levels of CRH, ACTH,
norepinephrine and dopamine and lower level of serotonin in the
brain. Interestingly, supplementation with both tocotrienol
and palm vitamin E were able to significantly reduced the CRH,
ACTH,
norepinephrine and dopamine levels. No difference was observed
when comparing the effects of tocotrienol
with palm vitamin E. In conclusion, tocotrienol
and palm vitamin E are capable in reducing changes to the stress
hormones and catecholamines in stress-induced
rats. Keywords: Brain; catecholamines; palm vitamin
E; restraint stress; stress hormones; tocotrienol RUJUKAN Aggarwal, B.B., Sundarm, C., Prasad, S.
& Kannapan, R. 2010. Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the 21st century: Its potential against cancer and other chronic diseases. Biochemical
Pharmacology 80(11): 1613-1631. American Psychological Association. 2017.
Stresses in America. New York: American Psycological
Asociation. Bardhan,
J., Chakraborty, R. & Raychaudburi,
U. 2011. The 21st century form
of vitamin E-Tocotrienol. Current
Pharmaceutical Design 17(21): 2196-2205. Budin, S.B., Taib, I.S., Jayusman, P.A., Chiang, H.H., Ramalingam,
A., Ghazali, A.R. & Mohamed, J.
2014.
Ameliorative effect of palm oil tocotrienol
rich fraction on brain oxidative stress in fenitrothion-administered
rats. Sains Malaysiana
43(7): 1031-1036. Cohen, G. 1987.
Monoamine oxidase, hydeogen peroxide and
Parkinson’s disease. Advances in Neurology 45: 119-125.
Cohen,
G. & Spina, M.B. 1989. Deprenyl suppresses
the oxidant stress associated with increased dopamine turnover.
Annals of Neurology 26: 689-690. Coppen,
A. & Doogan, D. 1998. Serotonin and its place in the pathogenesis of depression.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 21(2): 89-97. Cowen,
P.J. 2002.
Cortisol, serotonin and depression: all stressed out? The British
Journal of Psychiatry 180(2): 99-100. Cowen,
P.J. 2008.
Serotonin and depression: Pathophysiology mechanism or marketing
myth? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 29(9): 433-436.
Finlay,
J., Zigmoid, M. & Abercrombie, E.
1995. Increased dopamine
and norepinephrine realease in medial
prefrontal cortex induced by acute and chronic stress: Effect
of diazepam. Neuroscience 64(3): 619-628. Gamo, N.J., Lur, G., Higley, M.J., Wang, M.,
Paspalas, C.D., Vijayraghavan, S.,
Yang, Y., Ramos, B.P., Peng, K., Kata, A., Boven,
L., Lin, F., Roman, L., Lee, D. & Arnsten,
A.F.T. 2015. Stress impairs prefrontal cortical function via D1
Dopamin receptor interactions with hyperpolarization activated
cyclic neucleotide-gates channels. Biological
Psychiatry 78(12): 860-870. Halliwell,
B. 1996.
Antioxidants in human health and disease.
Annual Review of Nutrition 16: 33-50. Halliwell,
B. 2006.
Reactive species and antioxidants: Redox biology is a fundamental
theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiology 141(2): 312-322.
Hood, R.L. 1995.
Tocotrienol and cholesterol metabolism. In Nutrition, Lipids, Health and Disease. Champaign,
Illinois: AOCS Press. pp. 96-103. Hsu,
D.T., Lombrao, K.A., Bakshi,
V.P., Balachandram, J.S., Roseboom,
P.H. & Kalin, N.H. 2001. Acute stress-induced
increases in thalamic CRH mRNA are blocked by repeated stress
exposure. Brain Research 915(1): 18-24. Ibrahim, A.A.I.,
Kamisah, Y., Nafeeza,
M.I. & Nur Azlina, M.F. 2012. The
effects of palm vitamin E on stress hormone levels and gastric
lesions in stress induced rats. Archive of Medical Science
8(1): 22-29. Lundberg, U. 2002.
Psychophysiology of work: Stress, gender, endocrine response and
work related upper extremity disorders. American Journal of
Industrial Medicine 41(5): 383-392. Mahar,
I., Bambico, F.R., Mechawar,
N. & Nobrega, N. 2014. Stress, serotonin and hippocampal neurogenesis in relation to depression
and antidepressant effects. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 38: 173-192. Marinelli,
M. & Piazza, P.V. 2002. Interaction between glucocorticoid hormones,
stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for
the field of brain and cognition. Brain and Cognition 65(3):
209-237. Nur
Azlina, M.F., Kamisah,
Y., Chua, K.H., Ibrahim, I.A.A. & Qodriyah,
H.M.S. 2015.
Preventive effects of tocotrienol
on stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions and its relation to
oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. PloS
One 10(10): e0139348. Nur
Azlina, M.F. & Nafeeza,
M.I. 2008.
Tocotrienol and a-tocopherol reduces
corticosterone and noradrenalin levels in rats exposed to restraint
stress. Pharmazie 63: 890-892. Nur
Azlina, M.F., Ibrahim, A.I., Kamisah,
Y. & Nafeeza, M.I. 2012. Palm vitamin E
reduces catecholamines, xanthine oxidase
activity and gastric lesions in rats exposed to water-immersion
restraint stress. BMC Gastroenterology 12: 54. Penyedia pekerjaan global, Petunjuk ekonomi Global Regus. 2013. Pongratz,
G. & Straub, R.H. 2014. The sympathetic nervous
response in inflammation. Arthritis Research & Therapy
16: 504. Puglisi-Allegra,
S. & Andolina, D. 2015. Serotonin and
stress coping. Behavioural
Brain Research 277: 58-67. Romero,
M.L. & Butler, L.K. 2007. Endocrinilogy of stress. International Journal of Comparative Psychology
20(2): 89-95. Sakr,
H.F., Abbas, A.M. & El Samanoudy,
A.Z. 2015. Effect of vitamin E on cerebral cortical oxidative stress and brain-derived
neurotrophic factor gene expression induced by hypoxia and exercise
in rats. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66(2):
191-202. Schiavone,
S., Jaquet, V., Trabace,
L. & Krause, K.H. 2013. Severe life stress and oxidative stres in the brain: From animal models to human pathology.
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 18(12): 1475-1490. Serbinova,
E.A. & Packer, L. 1994. Antioxidant and biological activities
of palm-oil vitamin E. Food and Nutrition Bulletin- United
Nations University 15: 138-138. Taridi, N.M., Abd Rani, N., Abd Latiff, A., Wan Ngah, W.Z. &
Mazlan, M. 2014. Tocotrienol rich
fraction reverses age-related deficits in spatial learning and
memory in aged rats. Lipids 49: 855. Tort,
L. & Teles, M. 2011. The endocrine
resposes to stress: A coparative
view. Dlm. Basic and Clinical Endocrinology
Up-to Date, disunting oleh
Akin, F. Croatia: Intech Europe. pp. 265-286. Tsigos,
C., Kyrou, I. & Kassi, E. 2000. Stress, endocrine physiology and pathophysiology.
Dlm. Title of Book, disunting oleh De Groot, L.J., Chrousos, G.,
Dungan, K., Feingold, K.R., Grossman, A., Hershman,
J.M., Koch, C., Korbonits, M., McLachlan,
R., New, M., Purnell, J., Rebar, R., Singer, F. & Vinik,
A. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText. com,
Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278995/. Updated 2016,
Mar 10. Zaidi, S.M. & Banu, N. 2004. Antioxidant potential of vitamins A, E and C in modulating oxidative
stres in rat brain. Clinica Chimica Acta 340(1-2): 229-233.
|
|||
|
