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Sains Malaysiana 45(8)(2016):
1243–1252 Fabrikasi GPS Antena menggunakan Bahan
Zink Aluminat Berstruktur Nano didopkan dengan Kobalt (Fabrication of GPS
Antenna using Zinc Aluminate (ZnAl2O4) Nanostructured Material Doped with Cobalt) WAN NASARUDIN
WAN
JALAL1,2,
HUDA
ABDULLAH1*,
MOHD
SYAFIQ
ZULFAKAR1
& BADARIAH BAIS1 1Department of Electrical, Electronic
and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia 2National Dual Training System (NDTS),
Department of Skills Development, Level 7 - 8, Block D4, Complexs
D, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62530 Putrajaya, Federal
Territory, Malaysia Diserahkan:
20 April 2015/Diterima: 12 Ogos 2015 ABSTRAK Kaedah sol gel digunakan untuk
menghasilkan filem nipis CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 berstruktur
nano pada suhu 600°C. Corak pembelauan XRD menunjukkan pembentukan struktur
tunggal spinel ZnAl2O4 dan
CoAl2O4. Saiz hablur dan ketumpatan
bahan berkurangan apabila kepekatan bahan dopan Co bertambah, iaitu
masing-masing daripada 19.52 kepada 10.39 nm dan 4.609 kepada 4.585
g/cm3.
Parameter kekisi pula meningkat daripada 8.085 kepada 8.098 Å apabila
Co meningkat. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan ikatan ZnO, Co dan Al-O
berlaku antara 487 hingga 550 cm-1,
manakala ikatan spinel bagi ZnAl2O4 dan
CoAl2O4 pula
terbentuk pada 655 cm-1. Imej AFM menunjukkan
kekasaran permukaan menurun apabila Co bertambah iaitu daripada
30.21 nm (×=0.00) kepada 14.83 nm (×=0.30). Nilai
pemalar dielektrik (εr)
menunjukkan penurunan secara linear apabila Co meningkat iaitu daripada
8.53 kepada 7.31. Seterusnya,
GPS antena
difabrikasi menggunakan sampel CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4.
Prestasi dan frekuensi operasi GPS antena diukur menggunakan
penganalisis rangkaian siri PNA pada frekuensi kenaan 1-2
GHz. Analisis mendapati antena beroperasi pada frekuensi 1.570 Ghz
dengan kerungian pulangan -15.6 hingga -21.2 dB dan lebar jalurnya
pula adalah 80 hingga 315 MHz. Kesemua antena yang telah difabrikasi
memenuhi keperluan minimum antena untuk beroperasi pada aplikasi
GPS. Kata kunci: Antena GPS;
Co/ZnAl2O4, FTIR;
pemalar dielektrik; struktur nano ABSTRACT The CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 thin
films was synthesized by the sol-gel method at 600°C.
The XRD patterns displayed the characteristic peaks of the solid
spinel structure and were observed as ZnAl2O4 or
CoAl2O4 system.
The addition of Co decreased the crystallite size and ceramic density
from 19.52 to 10.39 nm and 4.609 to 4.585 g/cm3,
respectively. The lattice parameter increase initially from 8.085
to 8.098 Å, as Co increased. The FTIR analysis showed that the formation
of ZnO, Co and Al-O occurred at 487 and 550 cm−1,
while ZnAl2O4 and
CoAl2O4 spinel
bonds occurred at 655 cm−1. The AFM images
showed the surface roughness decreased as Co increased, from 30.21
nm (×=0.00) to 14.83 nm (×=0.30). As the Co content
increased, the dielectric constant (εr) values decreased linearly from
8.53 to 7.31. Finally, GPS patch antennae were successfully
fabricated using the CoxZn(1-x)Al2O4 material.
The performance and operating frequencies of GPS patch
antennas were determined from frequencies of 1-2 GHz using PNA series
network analyzer. The results showed that the patch antenna resonates
at frequency of 1.570 GHz and produces a return loss bandwidth between
-15.6 and -21.2 dB, while their bandwidth between 80 to 315 MHz
to ensure full functionality. The all fabricated antennas meet the
minimum requirements of GPS
applications. Keywords: Co/ZnAl2O4; dielectric constant; FTIR;
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