Sains Malaysiana 44(6)(2015): 771–778

A Study on the Characteristics of Palm-Based Polyurethane as a Lightweight Aggregate in Concrete Mix

(Kajian terhadap Sifat Poliuretana Sawit sebagai Agregat Ringan dalam Campuran Konkrit)

KAMARUL AINI MOHD SARI¹, SOHIF MAT^1,2, KHAIRIAH HAJI BADRI³*

& MUHAMMAD FAUZI MOHD ZAIN⁴

¹Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

86400 Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

²Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

⁴Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 Januari 2014/Diterima: 15 November 2014

ABSTRACT

Research on the development of lightweight concrete (LWC) utilizing wastes and natural resources as lightweight aggregates (LWA) is increasingly gaining attention worldwide due to sustainable and environmental concerns. A new alternative is using palm kernel oil polyol (PKO-p)-based polyurethane (PU) as filler. Rigid PU is a block copolymer comprised of a monomeric PKO-p and 2, 4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (crude MDI). The property of PKO-p, its ratio with crude MDI and reaction time were determined. The reaction time showed the average of 60 s for cream time and 95 s for rise time with maximum hardening time of 8 min. The reaction between PKO-p to MDI at 1:1 ratio resulted in a very short hardening time (within 2 min). The compressive strength of the rigid PU was at 7.0 MPa at a density of 206 kg/m3. Further increase in the amount of PKO-p increased the density and compressive strength of the PU. PU aggregate in the concrete mixture was added at 1 to 5% (w/w) to obtain concrete with density of less than 1800 kg/m3. The resulting concrete has excellent compressive strength (17.5 MPa) and thermal conductivity (0.24 W/m⋅K). The results showed that physical properties of PU played the most significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the lightweight concrete.

Keywords: Concrete mix; lightweight aggregate; palm kernel oil polyol; rigid polyurethane

ABSTRAK

Penyelidikan dalam membangunkan konkrit ringan (LWC) menggunakan bahan buangan dan sumber semula jadi sebagai agregat ringan (LWA) semakin mendapat perhatian dunia disebabkan oleh faktor kelestarian bahan dan kebimbangan terhadap alam sekitar. Satu alternatif baru dalam menghasilkan poliuretana (PU) sebagai pengisi adalah dengan menggunakan bahan berasaskan minyak isirung sawit (PKO). Poliuretana tegar adalah blok kopolimer yang mengandungi poliol PKO (PKO-p) dan 2,4-difenilmetana diisosianat (MDI mentah). Sifat PKO-p, nisbahnya kepada MDI dan masa tindak balasnya ditentukan. Masa tindak balas menunjukkan purata masa masing-masing 60 dan 90 s untuk masa pengkriman dan masa menaik dengan masa pematangan maksimum 8 min. Tindak balas antara PKO-p dengan MDI pada nisbah 1:1 menunjukkan masa pematangan yang singkat (2 min). Kekuatan mampatan PU tegar adalah 7.0 MPa pada ketumpatan 206 kg/m³. Penambahan PKO-p meningkatkan ketumpatan dan kekuatan mampatan PU. Jumlah agregat PU halus dalam campuran konkrit ditambah daripada 1 hingga 5% (b/b) untuk mencapai ketumpatan konkrit kurang daripada 1800 kg/m3. Konkrit ringan yang dihasilkan sangat baik daripada segi kekuatan mampatan (17.5 MPa) dan kekonduksian terma (0.24 W/m⋅K). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa sifat fizikal PU menunjukkan kesan paling ketara ke atas sifat fizikal dan mekanik konkrit ringan.

Kata kunci: Agregat ringan; campuran konkrit; poliol minyak isirung sawit; poliuretana tegar

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: kaybadri@ukm.edu.my