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Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Gallic Acid in Benincasa
hispida Prepared with
Different Extraction Techniques
(Analisis Kuantitatif HPLC terhadap Asid Galik dalam Benincasa
hispida yang Disediakan dengan Pelbagai Teknik Pengekstrakan)
Z. FATARIAH1, T.Y. TG. ZULKHAIRUAZHA2 & W.I. WAN ROSLI1*
1Nutrition Programme,
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
16150 Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, Malaysia
2Therapeutic Drug
Monitoring, Pharmacy Department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
16150 Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 27 Disember
2012/Diterima: 6 November 2013
ABSTRACT
Ash gourd (Benincasa
hispida, Bh) is traditionally claimed useful in treating asthma, cough,
diabetes, haemoptysis and hemorrhages from internal organs, epilepsy, fever and
balancing of the body heat. One of the major phenolic acids presented in Benincasa
hispida is gallic acid, a phenolic compound which is linked with its ability
in reducing Type II diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate
the effect of different extraction techniques on the concentration of gallic
acid in Bh. The Bh extracts were prepared with three different techniques
namely; fresh extract (FE), low heating (LH) and drying and heating
(DH).
The gallic acid has been detected and quantified using high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV-Vis detector. The amount
of gallic acid detected in FE, LH and DH were 0.036, 0.050 and 0.272 mg/100 g,
respectively. The limits of detection was 0.75 μg/mL while the limit of
quantification and recovery were 2.50 μg/mL and 95.53%, respectively. In
summary, HPLC technique coupled with UV detector systems able to quantify gallic
acid in Bh extracts. The gallic acid were present at higher concentration in Bh
extracted using drying and heating, followed by low heating and fresh extract
methods.
Keywords: Benincasa
hispida; drying; gallic acid; low heating
ABSTRAK
Secara
tradisi, kundur (Benincasa hispida, Bh) telah dipercayai berguna untuk merawati
asma, batuk, diabetis, haemoptysis dan pendarahan daripada organ dalaman,
kecelaruan fungsi otak, demam dan penyeimbangan suhu badan. Salah satu
asid fenolik utama yang hadir dalam Benincasa hispida ialah asid
galik, iaitu sebatian fenolik yang juga dikaitkan dengan keupayaannya mengubati
penyakit diabetis Jenis II. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan
pengekstrakan berbeza terhadap kepekatan asid galik dalam Bh. Ekstrak Bh
disediakan dengan tiga jenis teknik pengekstrakan yang berbeza iaitu
pengekstrakan segar (FE), pemanasan suhu
rendah (LH)
dan pengeringan dan pemanasan (DH). Asid galik telah
dikesan dan ditentukan menggunakan kreomatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC)
yang dilengkapi dengan pengesan cahaya nampak ultra ungu (UV-Vis). Jumlah
asid galik yang dikesan dalam FE, LH dan DH masing-masing adalah 0.036, 0.050 dan 0.272
mg/100 g. Had pengesanan adalah 0.75 μg/mL
manakala had penentuan dan peratus perolehan semula masing-masing adalah 2.50
μg/mL and 95.53%. Kesimpulannya, teknik HPLC yang dilengkapi
pengesan sistem UV mampu menentukan kandungan asid galik dalam
ekstrak Bh. Asid galik hadir pada kepekatan paling tinggi dalam Bh yang
diekstrak menggunakan kaedah pengeringan dan pemanasan, diikuti dengan
pemanasan suhu rendah dan pengekstrakan segar.
Kata kunci: Asid galik; Benincasa hispida; pemanasan suhu rendah; pengeringan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rosliishak@gmail.com
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