Sains Malaysiana 42(9)(2013): 1289–1292
Evaluation
of Particulate Emission from a Palm Oil Mill Boiler
(Penilaian Perlepasan Zarah daripada Dandang Kilang Minyak Sawit)
M.
Rashid1*,
W.C. Chong1,
M. Ramli2,
Z.N. Zainura2
& J. NorRuwaida1
1Air
Resources Research Laboratory, Malaysia-Japan International Institute
of Technology
UTM
Kuala Lumpur, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai,
Johor
Malaysia
Diserahkan:
14 Ogos 2012 /Diterima: 25 Januari 2013
ABSTRACT
A study to investigate the particulate emission from a boiler of a
palm oil mill plant equipped with a multi-cyclones particulate arrestor was
performed and reported in this paper. The particulate emission concentration
was measured at the outlet of an 8000 kg steam/h capacity water-tube typed
boiler of a palm oil mill plant processing 27000 kg/h of fresh fruit bunch (FFB).
The particulate sample was collected iso-kinetically using the USEPA method 5 sampling
train through a sampling port made at the duct of the exiting flue gas between
the boiler and a multi-cyclones unit. The results showed that the particulate
emission rates exiting the boiler varied from 8.51 g/s to 126 g/s with an
average of 44.3±31.6 g/s. In terms of concentration, the average particulate
emission concentration exiting the boiler was 7.75±4.71 g/Nm3 (corrected to 7% oxygen
concentration), ranging from 1.50 to 17.7 g/Nm3 (@7% O2) of the flue gas during
the measurement. Based on the 27000 kg/h FFB processed, 6000 kg/h fiber and shell
(F&S) burned and the capacity of the boiler of 8000 kg steam/h, the
calculated particulate emission factor was 5.91±4.21 g particulate/kg FFB processed,
26.6±18.9 g particulate/kg F&S burned and 19.9±14.2 g particulate/kg boiler
capacity, respectively. Based on the finding, in order to comply with the
emission limits of 0.4 g/Nm3, the required collection efficiency of any
given particulate pollution control system to consider for the mill will be
between 73% and 98%, which is not easily achievable with the existing
multi-cyclones unit.
Keywords: Air pollution; carbon soot; emission factor;
multi-cyclone; palm oil mill
ABSTRAK
Kajian terhadap pelepasan zarah dari dandang
kilang minyak sawit yang dilengkapi dengan perangkap siklon berbilang telah
dilakukan dan dilaporkan dalam kertas ini. Kepekatan perlepasan zarah diukur di aliran
keluar dandang jenis tiub air yang berkapasiti 8000 kg stim/jam di kilang
minyak sawit yang memproses 27000 kg/jam tandan buah segar (FFB). Sampel
zarah telah dikumpulkan melalui pensampelan iso kinetik menggunakan kaedah USEPA 5
melalui lubang persampelan di antara dandang dan nit multi-siklon. Hasil
kajian menunjukkan bahawa kadar pelepasan zarah adalah antara 8.51 g/s dan 126
g/s dengan purata 44.3 ± 31.6 g/s. Daripada segi kepekatan, purata kepekatan
pelepasan zarah keluar dandang adalah 7.75 ± 4.71 g/Nm3 (dengan kepekatan
oksigen 7%), berjulat antara 1.50 hingga 17.7 g/Nm3 (@ 7%O2) dalam aliran gas
semasa pengukuran. Berdasarkan 27000 kg/jam FFB yang diproses, 6000
kg/jam serabut dan tempurung (F&S) dibakar dan keupayaan dandang 8000 kg
stim/jam, faktor pelepasan zarah yang dikira adalah 5.91 ± 4.21 g zarah/kg FFB yang
diproses, 26.6 ± 18.9 g zarah/kg F&S yang dibakar dan 19.9 ± 14.2g zarah/kg
kapasiti dandang. Kajian mendapati untuk mematuhi had pelepasan zarah sebanyak
0.4 g/Nm3,
kecekapan koleksi yang diperlukan oleh sistem kawalan pencemaran bagi kilang
tersebut adalah antara 73% dan 98%, yang tidak mudah dicapai dengan unit siklon
berbilang yang sedia ada.
Kata kunci: Faktor pengeluaran; jelaga karbon;
kilang kelapa sawit; multi-siklon; pencemaran udara
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: drrashid@ic.utm.my
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