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In
Vitro Sensitivity Testing of Acanthamoeba Clinical Isolates from Patients with Keratitis against
Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and Chlorhexidine
(Kajian
Sensitiviti Isolat Klinikal Acanthamoeba daripada Pesakit Keratitis Secara In Vitro Terhadap Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) dan
Chlorhexidine)
Noradilah Samseh binti
Abdullah
Fakulti Perubatan dan Sains
Kesihatan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Tingkat 13 Menara B Pesiaran MPAJ, Jalan
Pandan Utama, 55100 Pandan Indah, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Mohamed
Kamel Abd. Ghani*
Biomedical Science Programme,
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Jalan Raja
Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Anisah Nordin, Yusof Suboh
& Noraina Ab Rahim
Department of Parasitology
& Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
50300 Jalan Raja Muda Abdul
Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Norazah Ahmad
Division of Bacteriology, Institute
for Medical Research , 50588 Jalan Pahang, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 21 Julai 2011 / Diterima:
20 Oktober 2011
ABSTRACT
Acanthamoeba keratitis
is a serious infection of the eye which can result in permanent visual
impairment. Therefore this study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of
antimicrobial agents on three Acanthamoeba clinical
isolates (HS 6, HKL 95 and HTH 73).
Antimicrobial agents used in this study were polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and
chlorhexidine and both were serially diluted. Cyst suspensions from all three
strains were tested against the antimicrobial agents, respectively. After 48 h
of incubation at 37°C, the suspension was filtered and the filter membrane was
placed onto non-nutrient agar plate lawned with heat-killed Escherichia coli. The plates were
examined daily under the inverted microscope until day 14 but were negative for Acanthamoeba trophozoites. The
presence of trophozoites indicated ineffectiveness of the antimicrobial agents.
Both antimicrobial agents used were found to be effective against Acanthamoeba cysts for all the
strains tested. PHMB gave minimum cysticidal
concentration (MCC) mean value of 4.232
μg/mL and chlorhexidine showed MCC mean
value of 3.906 μg/mL. So, from this study, it can be concluded that PHMB and
chlorhexidine were effective in killing the tested Acanthamoeba cysts.
Keywords: Acanthamoeba; in
vitro; sensitivity; polyhexamethylene biguanide; chlorhexidine
ABSTRAK
Keratitis Acanthamoeba merupakan
infeksi mata yang serius yang boleh menyebabkan kerosakan penglihatan yang
teruk. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini dilakukan untuk
mengkaji keberkesanan agen antimikrob terhadap tiga isolat klinikal
Acanthamoeba (HS 6, HKL 95 and HTH 73). Agen antimikrob yang digunakan di dalam kajian ini adalah poliheksametilina biguanide (PHMB)
dan kloroheksidin yang menjalani
pencairan bersiri. Suspensi sista daripada ketiga-tiga strain diuji
dengan kedua-dua agen antimikrob. Selepas inkubasi selama 48 jam pada suhu
37°C, campuran suspensi sista dan agen antimikrob tersebut dituras dan membran
turasan diletakkan ke atas plat agar bukan nutrien yang dibanjiri Escherichia coli. Kesemua agar tersebut
diperiksa setiap hari menggunakan mikroskop terbalik sehingga hari ke 14 tetapi negatif untuk
trofozoit Acanthamoeba. Kehadiran trofozoit menunjukkan ketidakberkesanan agen antimikrob. Kedua-dua agen antimikrob yang digunakan didapati berkesan terhadap sista Acanthamoeba bagi kesemua strain yang
diuji. PHMB memberikan nilai MCC pada
kepekatan 4.232 μg/mL manakala chlorhexidine pula menunjukkan nilai MCC pada
kepekatan 3.906 μg/mL. Maka, daripada kajian
ini, dapat disimpulkan bahawa PHMB dan kloroheksidina berkesan membunuh sista Acanthamoeba yang diuji.
Kata
kunci: Acanthamoeba; in vitro; kloroheksidine; poliheksametilena biguanide;
sensitivitc
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*Pengarang untuk surat menyurat; email: mkamal@medic.ukm.my
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