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Tumbuhan Etnoperubatan Sebagai Perumah
Aktinomiset Endofityang Bersifat Bioaktif
(Ethnomedicinal
Plants as Host of Bioactive Endophytic Actinomycetes)
Nurul ‘Izzah Mohd Sarmin, Noraziah
M. Zin* & Ng Kim Tien
Pusat Pengajian Sains
Diagnostik dan Kesihatan Gunaan , Fakulti Sains
Kesihatan
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz
50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nik Marzuki Sidik
Pusat Pengajian Biosains
& Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains & Teknologi
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Onuma Kaewkla &
Christopher M.M. Franco
Department of Medical
Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University
Bedford Park, South Australia , 5042, Australia
Diserahkan: 26
Julai 2010 / Diterima: 2 November 2011
ABSTRAK
Sembilan Aknomiset
endofit telah berjaya dipencilkan daripada pokok yang mempunyai nilai ubatan
dari beberapa tempat di Semenanjung Malaysia. Pencilan tersebut telah dikenalpasti melalui pemerhatian morfologi,
amplifikasi gen 16S rRNA dan analisis penjujukan 16S rRNA. Saringan awal terhadap aktiviti antimikrob telah dilakukan dengan
menggunakan teknik calitan plat. Pembentukan miselium substrat dan
aerial, warna jisim spora, pigmen larut dan morfologi rantai spora pada semua
pencilan menyerupai Streptomyces sp. dan Microbispora sp. Analisis filogenetik
jujukan separa 16S rRNA mendapati pencilan SUK 08, SUK 10 dan SUK 15 saling
berkaitan dengan Streptomyces eurythermus. Walau bagaimanapun pencilan ini telah dipencilkan dari tumbuhan
yang berbeza. Pencilan ini didapati mempunyai aktiviti
antimikrob terhadap bakteria dan kulat kajian. Empat pencilan aktif
iaitu SUK 08, SUK 10, SUK 12 dan SUK 15
berupaya untuk membunuh dan merencat sehingga 100% satu atau lebih organisma
patogen seperti Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus
fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani dan Trichoderma viride. Kajian ini mengesahkan
bahawa tumbuhan etnoperubatan adalah sumber pencarian Aknomiset endofit
bioaktif yang berupaya menjadi sumber novel dalam pencarian agen antibakteria
dan antimikotik.
Kata kunci: 16S rRNA; Aktinomiset;
endofit; tumbuhan etnoperubatan
ABSTRACT
Nine endophytic Actinomycetes have been
isolated from medicinal plants in several parts of the Peninsular Malaysia. The
isolates were identified by morphological observation, amplification of 16S
rRNA genes and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Preliminary screenings of
antimicrobial activities were measured by streak plate method. The presence of
substrate and aerial mycelium, mass spore colour, diffusible pigment and spore
chain morphology of all isolates were identical to Streptomyces sp. and Microbispora sp. The phylogenetic
tree of partial sequence of 16S rRNA showed that isolate SUK 08, SUK 10 and SUK 15 were
closely related to Streptomyces eurythermus but yet
they were isolated from different plants. All isolates demonstrated
antimicrobial activities against tested bacteria and fungi. Four active
isolates namely SUK 08, SUK 10, SUK 12 and SUK 15, have
killing and inhibition activities up to 100% against one or more pathogenic
organism such as Bacillus subtilis,
Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma viride. These results confirmed that ethnomedicinal
plants harbor bioactive endophytic Actinomycetes which should represent as a
novel source in the search of antibacterial and antimicotic agents.
Keywords:
16S rRNA; Actinomycetes; endophytes;
ethnomedicinal plant
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nora@medic.ukm.my
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