Sains Malaysiana 39(4)(2010): 689–696
Antioxidant Intake and Mild
Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly
People in Klang Valley: A Pilot Study
(Kajian
Perintis: Pengambilan Antioksidan dan Kegagalan Kognitif Ringan di Kalangan Warga Tua Lembah Klang)
Sher Hui Wong, Roslee Rajikan*,
Suzana Shahar, Noor Aini Mohd Yusoff & Lai Kuan Lee
Department of Nutrition &
Dietetics
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Safiyyah Abdul Aziz
Health Psychology Unit
Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Noor Ibrahim Mohd Sakian
Occupational Therapy
Programme
Faculty of Allied Health
Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Srijit Das
Department of Anatomy,
Faculty of Medicine
Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 22 Jun 2009 / Diterima:
13 Januari 2010
ABSTRACT
Mild
cognitive impairment (MCI) is
associated with significant morbidity, especially in the development of
Alzheimer’s disease and also related to nutritional factors. A pilot study was
carried out to determine antioxidant intake and its relation with MCI among elderly people aged between 60 and 74 years in Klang
Valley. Subjects were interviewed to obtain socio-demography data and
functional status was evaluated using the Instrumental Activities of Daily
Living (IADL). Data on food intake was
assessed using the diet history questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire,
whilst the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used to assess depression level. A combination of tests
was used to assess cognitive decline, which are Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), and Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). Out of 84 elderly recruited, 70 completed all parts of the
study (response rate 83.3%). Mean vitamin E intake was less than the Malaysian RNI (50.0% of RNI for men and
43.0% for women). The incidence of amnestic-MCI (aMCI) was 15.7% among the respondents, while 32.8% were
depressed. After adjustment for educational background, beta-carotene intake
was found to be significantly (β=0.325, p<0.05) correlated to cognitive
impairment based on CDT scores. The
intake levels of antioxidants among subjects were unsatisfactory and
beta-carotene intake was related to poor cognitive status based on CDT.
Keywords:
Antioxidants; cognitive impairment; elderly; oxidative stress
ABSTRAK
Kegagalan
kognitif ringan sering dikaitkan dengan morbiditi yang signifikan, terutamanya
perkembangan penyakit Alzheimer, dan berhubungkait dengan faktor pemakanan.
Suatu kajian awal telah dijalankan untuk menentukan pengambilan antioksidan dan
hubungkaitnya dengan kegagalan kognitif ringan di kalangan warga tua berumur 60
hingga 74 tahun di Lembah Klang. Subjek ditemuduga untuk memperoleh data
sosiodemografi dan status kefungsian diuji dengan menggunakan penilaian
Aktiviti Hidup Harian Instrumental (IADL). Data pengambilan diet ditentukan dengan menggunakan
soal-selidik sejarah diet dan soal-selidik kekerapan makanan, manakala Skala
Kemurungan Geriatrik (GDS) pula
digunakan untuk menentukan tahap kemurungan. Satu kombinasi ujian digunakan untuk
menentukan kemerosotan kognitif, iaitu Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Ujian Pelukisan Jam (CDT), dan Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). Daripada 84 peserta, 70 orang telah melengkapkan kesemua
bahagian kajian tersebut (kadar respons 83.3%). Purata pengambilan vitamin E
didapati kurang daripada saranan RNI Malaysia (50.0% RNI untuk lelaki dan 43.0% untuk perempuan). Insiden kegagalan
kognitif ringan jenis amnestik adalah 15.7% di kalangan responden, manakala
32.8% subjek menghadapi kemurungan. Setelah mengambil kira faktor pendidikan,
pengambilan beta-karoten didapati berhubungkait secara signifikan
(β=0.325, p<0.05) dengan kegagalan kognitif berdasarkan skor CDT. Tahap pengambilan antioksidan di kalangan subjek adalah tidak
memuaskan dan pengambilan beta-karoten didapati berhubungkait dengan status
kognitif yang lemah berdasarkan ujian CDT.
Kata kunci:
Antioksidan; kegagalan kognitif; tekanan oksidatif; warga tua
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email:
roslee@medic.ukm.my
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