Sains Malaysiana 51(8)(2022): 2403-2414

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-05

Investigations on Blood Physiology, Tissues Histology and Gene Expression Profile of Fusarium oxysporum Challenged Fish

(Penyelidikan terhadap Fisiologi Darah, Histologi Tisu dan Profil Ekspresi Gen Ikan Tercabar Fusarium oxysporum)

SUMAIRA PERVAIZ¹, ZAKIA KANWAL^1,*, FARKHANDA MANZOOR^1,2, ASIMA TAYYEB² & QAISER AKRAM³

¹Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan

²School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

³Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

Received: 12 November 2021/Accepted: 17 February 2022

Abstract

Labeo rohita was challenged with Fusarium oxysporum to demonstrate a thorough immune response. Significant alterations in hematological parameters viz; erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume, platelets, and leukocytes were observed. Total serum protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activity, and cholesterol were also altered in the infected fish. Marked histopathological lesions in gills, liver, and kidney (fusion of gill lamella, necrosis, edema, vacuolization, glomerulus congestion, dilated bowman's space and renal tubules alterations) were recorded. Tissue specific gene expression data showed that interleukin was upregulated in infected fish gills, liver, and kidney but was downregulated in blood. Tumor necrosis factor-α expression was upregulated in blood, liver, and kidney and was downregulated in gills. Upregulation of interferon-γ was observed in blood, gills, and kidney but downregulated in liver. All the cellular and molecular findings from this study can be taken as critical biomarkers in the advancement of diagnostic techniques against fungal infections as a part of wide-ranging programs of systematic and comprehensive monitoring of fish health and immune system.

Keywords: Fusarium oxysporum; histomorhological index; immune response; Labeo rohita; proinflammatory cytokines

Abstrak

Labeo rohita telah dicabar dengan Fusarium oxysporum untuk menunjukkan tindak balas imun yang menyeluruh. Perubahan ketara dalam parameter hematologi iaitu; eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, purata kepekatan hemoglobin korpuskul, min isi padu korpuskul, isi padu sel pembungkus, platelet dan leukosit diperhatikan. Jumlah protein serum, albumin, globulin, nisbah A/G, aspartat aminotransferase, alkali aminotransferase, aktiviti alkali fosfatase dan kolesterol juga telah diubah dalam ikan yang dijangkiti. Lesi histopatologi yang ketara dalam insang, hati dan buah pinggang (gabungan lamella insang, nekrosis, edema, vakuolisasi, kesesakan glomerulus, ruang bowman yang diluaskan dan perubahan tubul renal) telah direkodkan. Data ekspresi gen khusus tisu menunjukkan bahawa interleukin dikawal selia dalam insang ikan, hati dan buah pinggang ikan yang dijangkiti tetapi dikurangkan dalam darah. Ekspresi faktor nekrosis tumor-α telah dikawal selia dalam darah, hati dan buah pinggang dan dikurangkan dalam insang. Peningkatan interferon-γ diperhatikan dalam darah, insang dan buah pinggang tetapi dikurangkan dalam hati. Semua penemuan sel dan molekul daripada kajian ini boleh diambil sebagai biopenanda kritikal dalam kemajuan teknik diagnostik terhadap jangkitan kulat sebagai sebahagian daripada program meluas pemantauan sistematik dan komprehensif terhadap kesihatan ikan dan sistem imun.

Kata kunci: Fusarium oxysporum; indeks histomorfologi; Labeo rohita; sitokin proinflamasi; tindak balas imun

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^*Corresponding author; email: zakia.kanwal@lcwu.edu.pk