Sains Malaysiana 47(8)(2018): 1657–1664

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4708-04

Penentuan Tahap Kelangkaan Spesies Tumbuhan Hutan Tropika sebagai Langkah Pemuliharaan di Rizab Biosfera UNESCO Malaysia

(Determination of Plant Species Rarity Status in a Tropical Forest as Conservation

Approach at UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia)

NURHANIM, M.N.* & WAN JULIANA, W.A.

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran & Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 15 September 2017/Accepted: 2 April 2018

ABSTRAK

Pemuliharaan spesies tumbuhan tropika biasanya terhad kepada faktor taburan spesies di peringkat rantau Asia Tenggara tanpa mengambil kira faktor julat geografi setempat, limitasi taburan spesies kepada julat habitat yang khusus dan saiz populasi di peringkat landskap. Kajian ini melibatkan perbandingan kelangkaan spesies tumbuhan di tiga zon pengurusan Rizab Biosfera Tasik Chini (TCBR), Pahang. Tahap kelangkaan spesies dikelaskan kepada lapan sel (A–H) berdasarkan Skim Rabinowitz. Penentuan spesies yang endemik turut dilakukan berdasarkan Turner. Kajian merekodkan 771 spesies tumbuhan di TCBR. Sejumlah 600 spesies (77.8%) direkodkan sebagai spesies langka (Sel B–H) manakala selebihnya (22.2%) adalah spesies yang biasa ditemui (Sel A). Spesies yang paling langka (Sel H, 49.3%) adalah spesies dengan geografi yang terbatas, habitat yang khusus dan saiz populasi yang kecil. Sejumlah 20 spesies tumbuhan direkodkan sebagai spesies endemik. Dua daripada 20 spesies endemik tersebut ialah spesies yang biasa ditemui berdasarkan Skim Rabinowitz. Manakala, empat spesies endemik merupakan spesies langka yang mempunyai julat geografi yang meluas tetapi mempunyai habitat dan saiz populasi yang terhad (Sel D) dan 14 spesies endemik selebihnya ialah spesies yang paling langka (Sel H). Lebih kurang 76% spesies yang tidak endemik tetapi termasuk dalam kategori spesies langka. Kajian ini memberi penunjuk bahawa usaha pemuliharaan spesies pada peringkat landskap seperti TCBR perlu turut mengambil kira tahap kelangkaan setempat di samping faktor taburan spesies pada peringkat serantau.

Kata kunci: Rizab biosfera; skim Rabinowitz; spesies endemik; spesies langka; Tasik Chini

ABSTRACT

Conservation of tropical plant species is usually limited to the factor of species distribution at the Southeast Asia regional level without taking into consideration of the factors of geographical range, species distribution to specific habitat range limitation and population size at landscape level. This study compared the rarity of plant species at three management zones of Tasik Chini Biosphere Reserve (TCBR), Pahang. Species rarity levels were classified into eight cells (A–H) based on the Rabinowitz Scheme. Species endemism was determined based on Turner. The study recorded 771 plant species at TCBR. A total of 600 species (77.8%) were recorded as rare species (Cells B–H) while the rest (22.2%) were commonly found species (Cell A). The rarest species (Cell H, 49.29%) were the species with limited geography, specific habitat and small population size. A total of 20 plant species were documented as endemic species. Two out of the 20 endemic species were common species based on the Rabinowitz Scheme. On the other hand, four endemic species were rare species with a wide geographical range but with limited habitat and population size (Cell D) and the remaining 14 endemic species were the rarest species (Cell H). Approximately 76% of species were not endemic but in the category of rare species. The study indicated that species conservation efforts at landscape level such as the TCBR should consider the species rarity at local level on top of the species distribution factor at the regional level.

Keywords: Biosphere reserve; Chini Lake; endemic species; Rabinowitz scheme; rare species

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*Corresponding author; email: nur_galaxy@yahoo.com