Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1651–1657

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-38

 

Effect of Space Holders on Fabrication of Porous Titanium Alloy-Hydroxyapatite Composite through Powder Injection Molding

(Kesan Pemegang Ruang terhadap Pembentukan Komposit Aloi Titanium-Hidroksiapatit

Berbusa melalui Pengacuan Suntikan Serbuk)

 

FARRAHSHAIDA MOHD SALLEH¹, ABU BAKAR SULONG^1*, MUHAMMAD RAFI RAZA³,

NORHAMIDI MUHAMAD¹ & LIM TSIU FHANG¹

 

¹Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan

Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

³Department of Mechanical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sahiwal, Pakistan

 

Received: 28 April 2016/Accepted: 31 May 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Powder injection molding (PIM) is able to produce porous titanium alloy/hydroxyapatite composite through the space holder technique. Thermal debinding and sintering processes were the main challenges due to different properties of metal and ceramic in producing such composite. This study focused on the effect of different space holders on the physical and mechanical properties of debound and sintered porous titanium aloi/hydroxyapatite composite. The feedstock is containing of 80 wt. % of titanium alloy/hydroxyapatite with 20 wt. % of space holders such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), respectively. The binders were then removed from the injected samples by two stages of debinding; solvent and thermal debinding. The sintering was performed at three different temperatures 1100^oC, 1200^oC and 1300^oC at a heating rate of 10^oC /min and holding time of 5 h. It was found that the samples containing PMMA space holder was fractured after sintering. While, the samples containing NaCl space holder successfully formed pores and not fractured. At sintering temperature of 1300oC, the density, compressive strength and porosity volume percentages for the sintered sample containing NaCl space holder were 3.05 g/cm³, 91.7 MPa. and 11.9 vol%, respectively.

 

Keywords: Hydroxyapatite; metal foam; powder injection molding; space holder; titanium alloy

 

ABSTRAK

Pengacuan suntikan serbuk (PIM) boleh menghasilkan komposit aloi titanium/hidroksiapatit berbusa dengan menggunakan teknik pemegang ruang. Proses bagi penyahikatan dan persinteran merupakan cabaran utama disebabkan sifat bahan logam dan seramik yang berbeza dalam penghasilan komposit tersebut. Fokus kajian ini adalah kesan berbeza pemegang ruang terhadap sifat fizikal dan mekanik penyahikatan serta persinteran komposit aloi titanium-hidroksiapatit berbusa. Bahan suapan mengandungi 80 % bt. aloi titanium/hidroksiapatit dengan 20 % bt. pemegang ruang seperti sodium klorida (NaCl) dan polimetilmetakrilat (PMMA). Bahan pengikat kemudian disingkirkan daripada sampel yang disuntik melalui dua peringkat penyahikatan; larutan dan penyahikatan terma. Persinteran dijalankan pada tiga suhu yang berbeza 1100^oC, 1200^oC dan 1300^oC pada kadar pemanasan sebanyak 10^oC /min dan masa pegangan selama 5 jam. Didapati sampel yang mengandungi pemegang ruang PMMA hancur selepas persinteran. Manakala, sampel yang mengandungi pemegang ruang NaCl berjaya menghasilkan liang-liang berbusa dan tidak hancur. Pada suhu persinteran 1300^oC, ketumpatan, kekuatan mampatan dan peratusan isi padu keliangan sebanyak 3.05 g/cm3, 91.7 MPa. dan 11.9 vol%.

 

Kata kunci: Aloi Titanium; hidroksiapatit; logam berbusa; pemegang ruang; pengacuan suntikan serbuk

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*Corresponding author; email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my