Sains Malaysiana 43(10)(2014): 1537–1542

Pengaruh Suhu Terhadap Perkembangan Lalat Berkepentingan Forensik Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

(Effects of Temperatures on Development of a Forensically Important Fly Chrysomya villeneuvi Patton (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

AHMAD FIRDAUS MOHD. SALLEH¹*, MOHAMED ABDULLAH MARWI¹, SYAMSA RIZAL ABDULLAH¹, AISHAH HANI AZIL¹ & BAHARUDIN OMAR²

¹Fakulti Perubatan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Jabatan Sains Bioperubatan, Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 9 January 2013/Accepted: 17 February 2014

ABSTRAK

Entomologi forensik adalah satu bidang ilmu yang menggunakan serangga sebagai bahan bukti untuk menganggarkan selang masa kematian atau selang post-mortem (PMI). Penentuan PMI tersebut berdasarkan kepada saiz dan peringkat perkembangan serangga. Chrysomya villeneuvi merupakan salah satu spesies langau yang boleh dijadikan sebagai petunjuk yang baik untuk menganggarkan PMI apabila ia ditemukan pada mayat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu data asas dan graf perkembangan bagi lalat Ch. villeneuvi pada suhu yang berbeza. Data yang diperoleh juga digunakan untuk membangunkan jadual jam darjah terkumpul (ADH). Justifikasi kajian dijalankan kerana data perkembangan lalat spesies ini belum dibangunkan di Malaysia. Penentuan PMI terpaksa dilakukan dengan berpandukan kepada data perkembangan Ch. megacephala. Ini akan menyebabkan pengiraan PMI menjadi kurang tepat. Kajian terdahulu juga hanya melibatkan kajian berkaitan morfologi dan tingkah laku spesies ini. Kajian perkembangan telur, larva dan pupa lalat Ch. villeneuvi dijalankan pada suhu bawah 25, 27, 30, 33 dan 37ºC di makmal dengan menggunakan kebuk pertumbuhan serangga. Sumber asal lalat dewasa diperoleh dengan meletakkan bangkai tikus di Pusat Penyelidikan Universiti Malaya, Batu 16, Gombak. Lalat dewasa dipelihara di makmal untuk dijadikan sumber koloni. Lebih kurang 150 biji telur dibiakkan dengan meletakkannya ke dalam bekas yang mengandungi 200 g hati lembu sebagai sumber makanan untuk larva yang baru menetas. Lima ekor larva diukur panjangnya setiap tiga jam untuk mendapatkan satu nilai purata untuk setiap suhu. Pemprosesan slaid dan pengambilan foto larva dilakukan untuk mengetahui peringkat perkembangan larva. Ch. villeneuvi mengambil masa selama 9.40 ± 0.02 hari pada suhu 25ºC, 9.34 ± 0.04 hari (27ºC), 9.00 ± 0.07 hari (30ºC), 7.95 ± 0.02 hari (33ºC) dan 7.51 ± 0.02 hari (37ºC) untuk melengkapkan satu kitar hidup. Pada suhu pembiakan yang berbeza, terdapat perbezaan signifikan (p<0.001) ke atas masa perkembangan kitar hidup lalat Ch. villeneuvi. Semakin tinggi suhu dan nilai ADH, semakin pendek satu kitar hidup lalat Ch. villeneuvi. Kajian ini menyatakan tentang tempoh peringkat dalam kitar hidup berdasarkan suhu membantu dalam pembangunan data ADH. Penyiasat forensik di Malaysia boleh menganggarkan PMI berdasarkan graf perkembangan dan data ADH yang diperoleh daripada kajian ini apabila Ch. villeneuvi ditemui pada mayat.

Kata kunci: Chrysomya villeneuvi; jam darjah terkumpul (ADH); selang post-mortem; suhu

ABSTRACT

Forensic entomology is a field of knowledge that uses insects as evidence to estimate the duration after death or post mortem interval (PMI). The PMI determination is based on the developmental size and stage of the insects found on the dead body. Chrysomya villeneuvi is one of the important species of flies that can serve as an indicator for estimating the PMI. This study aimed to develop a database on the developmental progress of Ch. villeneuvi at different temperatures. The data are also used to develop accumulated degree hours (ADH) tables. Justification of this study is because the developmental data of Ch. villeneuvi have not been developed in Malaysia. PMI determinations were made by referring to Ch. megacephala developmental data. This will cause calculation of PMI becomes less precise. Earlier studies also involve a relating morphology and behavior of this species. Observations on the development of eggs, larvae and pupae of Ch. villeneuvi were carried out at 25, 27C, 30, 33 and 37ºC inside an insect growth chamber. Adult flies were obtained by placing dead rats at the University of Malaya Research Center, 16^th Mile, Gombak. These adult flies were reared in the laboratory as a source for the colony. Approximately 150 eggs were placed in a container with 200 g of beef liver as a food source for newly hatched larvae. The lengths of five larvae were measured every 3 h to get an average value for size at each temperature. Photographs and slides were also processed to ascertain the larval development. Ch. villeneuvi needed 9:40 ± 0.02 days at 25°C, 9:34 ± 0.04 days (27ºC), 9.00 ± 0.07 days (30ºC), 7.95 ± 0.02 days (33ºC) and 7:51 ± 0.02 days (37ºC) to complete its life cycle. There is a significant difference (p<0.001) on the duration of the life cycle of Ch. villeneuvi at different temperatures. The higher the temperature and the ADH, the shorter of the life cycle of flies Ch. villeneuvi. Knowledge about the duration of stages in a temperature-dependent life cycle facilitates the development of ADH data. Forensic investigators in Malaysia can calculate PMI based on developmental graft and ADH data obtained from this study when Ch. villeneuvi is found on corpses.

Keywords: Accumulated degree hour (ADH); Chrysomya villeneuvi; post-mortem interval; temperature

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*Corresponding author; email: afirwise@yahoo.com