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Sains Malaysiana 42(9)(2013):
1207–1218
Life-history Traits of the Freshwater Garfish Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822) (Belonidae) in the Ganges River, Northwestern Bangladesh
(Ciri Sejarah Hidup Ikan Todak Air Tawar Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton
1822) (Belonidae)
di Sungai Ganges, Barat Laut Bangladesh)
Md.
Yeamin Hossain1 2 1Department
of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Rajshahi Rajshahi
6205, Bangladesh
2Faculty
of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-20-50 Shimoarata, Kagoshima
890-0056 Japan
Received:
28 December 2012 / Accepted: 15 February 2013
ABSTRACT
The freshwater garfish, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822), is one of the commercially
important, nutritionally valuable food fish in Asian countries, but the natural
populations are seriously decreasing due to high fishing pressure and other
factors. This study describes the life history traits, including sex ratio (SR),
length-frequency distributions (LFDs), length-weight relationships (LWRs),
length-length relationships (LLRs), condition factors (Allometric, KA; Fulton’s, KF;
relative condition, KR; relative weight, WR) and form factor (a3.0) of X.
cancila in the Ganges (Padma) River, northwestern Bangladesh. A total of 175
specimens ranging from 10.50-21.00 cm TL (total length) and 1.44-20.67 g BW (body
weight) were investigated in this study. Sampling was done using traditional
fishing gears during April 2011 to March 2012. The overall sex ratio showed no
significant differences from the expected value of 1:1 (df = 1, χ2 =
0.28, p<0.05), whereas significant difference was found in the LFD (TL)
between the sexes (Two tailed, p<0.001). The allometric coefficient b for the LWR indicated positive allometric growth in males, females and
combined sexes. The results further indicated that the LLRs were highly
correlated. Both KR and KF showed significant variations (Two
tailed, p<0.001) between male and female. Also, WR was
significantly different from 100 for both sexes (p<0.01), indicating
the imbalance habitat with food availability relative to the presence of
predators for X. cancila. The calculated values of a3.0 were as 0.0304,
0.0268 and 0.0252 for males, females and combined sexes of X. cancila. This
study reports the first complete and comprehensive description of life-history
traits for X. cancila from Bangladeshi waters. The data should be useful
for the sustainable conservation of this critically endangered fishery in
Bangladesh and neighboring countries.
Keywords: Bangladesh; Ganges River; Garfish; life-history; Xenentodon cancila
ABSTRAK
Ikan todak air tawar, Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton 1822),
adalah ikan yang penting daripada segi komersial, makanan berkhasiat
yang bermutu di negara-negara Asia sedang mengalami masalah penurunan
jumlah yang serius akibat daripada tekanan tangkapan yang tinggi dan faktor-faktor lain. Kajian
ini menerangkan ciri-ciri sejarah hidup, termasuk nisbah jantina
(SR),
taburan panjang frekuensi (LFDs), hubungan panjang-berat (LWRs), hubungan panjang-panjang
(LLRs), faktor keadaan (‘alometrik’,
KA;
Fulton s, KF;
keadaan relatif, KR, berat relatif, WR) dan faktor bentuk (a3.0)
X. cancila di Sungai Ganges
(Padma), barat laut Bangladesh. Sejumlah 175 spesimen yang mempunyai
TL (jumlah
panjang) 10,50-21,00 cm dan BW (berat badan) 1,44-20,67 g telah dikaji dalam
kajian ini. Persampelan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan
menangkap ikan tradisi pada bulan April 2011 hingga Mac 2012. Nisbah
jantina keseluruhan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan yang ketara daripada
nilai yang dijangka 1:1 (df = 1,? 2 = 0.28, p<0.05), manakala
perbezaan yang ketara ditemui dalam LFD (TL) antara jantina (Dua ekor, p<0.001).
Pekali alometrik b untuk LWR menunjukkan pertumbuhan alometrik positif
dalam sampel jantan, betina dan jantina gabungan. Hasil kajian juga
menunjukkan bahawa LLRs
mempunyai hubungan yang sangat bererti. Kedua-dua KR dan KF menunjukkan perbezaan
yang ketara (Dua ekor, p<0.001) antara jantan dan betina.
Selain itu, WR mempunyai
perbezaan yang ketara daripada 100 untuk kedua-dua jantina (p<0.01),
menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan habitat dengan adanya makanan berbanding
dengan kehadiran pemangsa untuk X. cancila. Nilai bagi hasil
pengiraan a3.0 adalah masing-masing 0,0304, 0,0268 dan
0,0252 untuk jantan, betina dan jantina gabungan X. cancila.
Kajian ini buat pertama kali melaporkan penjelasan yang lengkap
dan komprehensif ciri-ciri hidup sejarah bagi X. cancila dari
perairan Bangladesh. Data ini seharusnya berguna untuk pemuliharaan
mapan perikanan yang amat terancam di Bangladesh dan negara-negara
jiran.
Kata kunci: Bangladesh; Ikan Todak; sejarah
hidup; Sungai Ganga; Xenentodon cancila
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*Corresponding
author; email: yeamin2222@yahoo.com
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