Sains Malaysiana
40(3)(2011): 215–219
Synthesis of
Polyaniline-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Using H2O2 as
the Oxidant
(Sintesis Komposit
Nanopolianilia-Montmorilonit Menggunakan H2O2 sebagai
Pengoksida)
Narayanan Binitha*,1,2, Viswanathan Suraja2, Zahira Yaakob2 & Sankaran Sugunan3
1Department of
Chemistry
Sree Neelakanta Government
Sanskrit College, Pattambi, Kerala, India
2Department of
Chemical and Process Engineering
Faculty of Engineering and Built
Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600, Bangi, Selangor, D.E., Malaysia
3Department of
Applied Chemistry
Cochin University of Science and
Technology, Cochin, Kerala, India
Received: 22 July 2010 / Accepted:
3 September 2010
ABSTRACT
Polyaniline
montmorillonite nanocomposite was prepared using H2O2 as
the oxidant. The catalytic environment of montmorillonite favours
polymerization. Intercalation and composite formation was proven from various
techniques such as XRD, FTIR, DRS and thermal analysis. XRD patterns give the dimension
of the intercalated PANI, from the shift of 2θ
values, which is in the nano range. FTIR showed that PANI composite formation occured without affecting the basic clay
layer structure. Thus the successful development of an alternative cheap route
for polyaniline–montmorillonite nanocomposite was well established.
Keywords: Chemical
synthesis; montmorillonite; polyaniline nanocomposite
ABSTRAK
Komposit nanopolianilin-montmorilonit telah disediakan dengan menggunakan H2O2 sebagai
pengoksida. Montmorilonit bersifat pemangkin yang dapat membantu pempolimeran.
Kemasukan dan pembentukan komposit telah dibuktikan melalui berbagai ujian
seperti XRD, FTIR, DRS and
analisis terma. Corak ujian XRD membuktikan adanya
kemasukan PANI yang dapat dilihat melalui perubahan nilai 2θ,
yang merupakan julat nano. Ujian FTIR menunjukkan pembentukan
komposit PANI terjadi tanpa mengganggu struktur asas lapisan tanah
liat. Kajian ini telah menghasilkan kaedah alternatif untuk menghasilkan
komposit nano polianilia–montmorilonit dengan kos yang rendah.
Kata kunci:
Komposit nanopolianilia; montmorilonit; sintesis kimia
REFERENCES
Alan,
G.M., & Arthur, J.E. 1995. Secondary doping in polyaniline. Synthetic
Metals 69(1-3): 85-92.
Booij,
E., Kloprogge, J.T. & Veen, J.A.R.V. 1996. Large pore REE /Al-pillared
bentonites: Preparation,structural aspects and catalytic properties. Applied
Clay Science 11: 155-162.
Chang,
T.C., Ho, S.Y. & Chao, K.J. 1992. Intercalation of polyaniline in
montmorillonite and zeolite. Journal of Chinese Chemical Society 39(6):
209-212.
Chen,
K.H. & Yang, S.M. 2003. Polyaniline- montmorillonite composite synthesized
by electrochemical method. Synthetic Metals 151: 135-136.
Duke,
C.B. & Gibson, H.W. 1982. Kirth – Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Gao,
F. 2004. Clay/polymercomposites: the story. Materials Today 7(11):
50–55.
Gilman,
J.W., Jackson, C.L., Morgan, A.B., Hayyis, R., Manias, E., Giannelis, E.P.,
Wuthenow, M., Hilton, D. & Philips, S.H. 2000. Flammability properties of
polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. polypropylene and polystyrene
nanocomposites. Chemistry of Materials 12: 1866-1873.
Goddart,
Y.A., Vold, R.L. & Hoatson, G.L. 2003. Deuteron NMR studies of conducting
polyanilne. Macromolecules 36: 1162-1169.
Goller,
M.I., Barthet, C., Mc Carthy, G.P., Corradi, R., Newby, B.P., Wilson, S.A.,
Armes, S.P. & S.Y. Luk. 1998. Synthesis and characterization of
surface-aminated polypyrrole–silica nocomposites. Colloid and Polymer
Science 276: 1010-1018.
Guinier,
A. 1994. X-ray Diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous
Bodies. San Francisco: Freeman & Co.
Gustafsson,
G., Cao, Y., Treacy, G.M., Klavetter, F., Colaneri, N. & Heeger, A.J. 1992.
Flexible light-emitting diodes made from soluble conducting polymers. Nature 357: 477-479.
Jia,
W., Segal, E., Narkis, M. & Siegmann, A. 2002. Polymerization of
anilinium-DBSA in the presence of clay particles: Kinetics and formation of
core-shell structures. Polymers for Advanced Technologies 13(1): 16-24.
Kim,
B.H., Jung, J.H., Hong, S.H., Kim, J.W., Choi, H.J. & Joo, J. 2001a.
Physicalcharacterization of emulsion intercalated polyaniline-clay
nanocomposite. Current Applied Physics 1: 112-115.
Kim, B.H., Jung, J.H., Hong, S.H. & Joo, J. 2002. Nanocomposite of polyaniline and Na+−montmorillonite clay. Macromolecules 35: 1419-1423.
Kim,
B.H., Jung, J.H., Kim, J.W., Choi, H.J. & Joo, J. 2001b. Nanocomposite
intercalated by emulsion polymerization. Synthetic Metals 117: 115-118.
Kim,
J.W., Kim, S.G., Choi, J.H. & Jhon, M.S. 1999. Synthesis and
electrorheological properties of polyaniline-Na+-montmorillonite
suspensions. Macromolecular Rapid Communications 20(8): 450-452.
.
Koul,
S., Chandra, R. & Dhawan, S.K. 2000. Conducting polyaniline composite for
ESD and EMI at 101 GHz. Polymer 41(25): 9305-9310.
Lee,
D. & Char, K. 2002. Thermal degradation behavior of polyaniline in
polyaniline/Na+- montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer Degradation
and Stability 75: 555-560.
Lim,
Y.T., Park, J.H. & Park, O.O. 2002. Improved electrorheological effect in
polyaniline nanocomposite suspensions. Journal of Colloid Interface Science 245(1):
198-203.
Moreau,
S., Balek, V. & Beguin, F. 1999. Characterization of new silicate/oxide
lamellar nanocomposites by emanation thermal analysis. Material Research
Bulletin 34: 503-510.
Orata,
D. & Segor, F. 2000. Electrodeposition of polyaniline on acidified clay
montmorillonite modified electrode. Reactive and Functional Polymers 43:
305-314.
Pages,
H., Topart, P. & Lemordant, D. 2001. Wide band electrochromic displays
based on thin conducting polymer films. Electrochimica Acta 46:
2137-2143.
Pouget,
J.P., Jozefowicz, M.E., Epstein, A.J., Tang, X. & MacDiarmid, A.G. 1991.
X-ray structure of polyaniline. Macromolecules 24(3): 779-789.
Quillard,
S., Louran, G., Lefrant, S. & Mac Diarmid, A.G. 1994. Vibrational analysis
of polyaniline: A comparative study of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine, and
pernigraniline bases. Physical Review B 50: 12496-12508.
Riede,
A., Helmstedt, J., Riede, V., Zemek, J. & Stejskal, J. 2000. In Situ
Polymerized Polyaniline Films. 2. Dispersion Polymerization of Aniline in the
Presence of Colloidal Silica. Langmuir 16: 6240-6244.
Sailor,
M.J., Ginsburg, E.J., Gorman, C.B., Kumar, A., Grubbs, R.H. & Lewis, N.S.
1990. Thin films of n-Si/Poly-(CH3)3Si-Cyclooctatetraene:
Conducting-polymer solar cells and layered structures. Science 249:
1146-1149.
Shewring,
N.I.E., Jones, T.G.J., Maitland, G. & Yarwood, J. 1995. Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopic techniques to investigate surface hydration processes on
bentonite. Journal of Colloid Interface Science 176: 308-317.219
Sirringhaus, H.,
Tessler, N. & Friend, R.H. 1998. Integrated optoelectronic devices based on
conjugated polymers. Science 280: 1741-1744.
Stafström, S.,
Brédas, J.L., Epstein, A.J., Woo, H.S., Tanner, D.B., Hung, W.S. &
MacDiarmid, A.G. 1987. Polaron lattice in highly conducting polyaniline:
Theoretical and optical studies. Physical Review Letters 59(13):
1464-1467.
Sui, X., Chu,
Y., Xing, S. & Liu, C., 2004. Synthesis of PANI/AgCl, PANI/BaSO4 and
PANI/TiO2 nanocomposites in CTAB/
hexanol/ water reverse micelle Mater. Lett. 25: 1255-1259.
Sukeerthi, S.
& Contractor, A.Q. 1999. Molecular sensors and sensor arrays based on
polyaniline microtubules. Analytical Chemistry 71: 2231-2236.
Whittingham,
M.S. 1982. Intercalation Chemistry. New York: Academic Press.
Wu, Q., Xue, Z.,
Qi, Z. & Wang, F. 2000. Synthesis and characterization of PAN/clay
nanocomposite with extended chain conformation of polyaniline. Polymer 41(6):
2029-2032.
Xia, H. &
Wang, Q. 2002. Ultrasonic irradiation: A novel approach to prepare conductive
polianiline/nanocrystalline titania. Chemistry of Materials 14(5):
2158-2165.
*Corresponding author; email:
binithann@yahoo.co.in
|